Jewish Rights To The Land of Israel
With the destruction of the Second Temple in 70 CE, the Second Jewish Commonwealth came to an end. From then until modern times, what had been Judah, and was renamed Palestina by the Romans, was only an appendage to one empire or another, never an independent country.
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San Remo 1920
Jewish legal rights in the land in modern times began with the San Remo Conference and resultant San Remo resolution, which has been called the Jewish Magna Carta.
For centuries, Palestine had been part of the (Turkish, Muslim) Ottoman Empire. With the end of WWI, the land of that Empire was taken by the Allies. Great Britain, France, Italy and Japan, with the US as observer, met in San Remo, Italy, to decide how it would be divided: Palestine was put under British Mandatory rule.
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Balfour Declaration
At San Remo 1950 it was decided to incorporate the Balfour Declaration into Britain's mandate. The Declaration, in the form of a letter, was an endorsement by the British government of the establishment of a Jewish home in Palestine. Written in 1917 by the British Foreign Secretary Lord Balfour, and sent to Lord Rothschild, it stated:
"His Majesty's Government view with favor the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people, , and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object."
Full text of letter: The Balfour Declaration
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By "Right"
In June 1922, Winston Churchill, who was then British Secretary of State for the Colonies, wrote in a policy paper that:
"...in order that this community should have the best prospect of free development and provide a full opportunity for the Jewish people to display its capacities, it is essential that it should know that it is in Palestine as of right and not on sufferance."
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League of Nations Formalizes Mandate
In July 1922, the League of Nations, predecessor to the UN, formally adopted the British Mandate for Palestine -- a legally binding document that was approved by all 51 members of the League of Nations.
It agreed that:
"the Mandatory [Britain] should be responsible for putting into effect the declaration originally made on November 2nd, 1917 [Balfour Declaration], by the Government of His Britannic Majesty, and adopted by the said Powers, in favor of the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people..."
And it gave recognition to:
"the historical connection of the Jewish people with Palestine and to the grounds for reconstituting their national home in that country."
The term "reconstituting" gave acknowledgement to the fact that there had been a Jewish nation in Palestine at an earlier time.
Full text of resolution: The Palestine Mandate of The Council of the League of Nations:
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"Mandate" Explained
The mandatory system of the League of Nations was based on the principle of Allied administration of Mandate territories until such time as they were able to stand alone. That is, it was understood at the beginning that the British would ultimately withdraw, leaving an established Jewish homeland.
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Area of Mandate Palestine
The original area of Palestine, for which the British Mandate was assigned, included Transjordan (what is today Jordan, on the eastern side of the Jordan River).
In September 1922, very soon after the League of Nations had adopted the Mandate resolution, Britain assigned TransJordan to Hashemite Arabs from Saudi Arabia. The Jewish part of the Mandate was thus reduced by over 70%.
Jews then had the right to settle anywhere in a 10,000 sq.mi. area between the Jordan River and the Mediterranean Sea.
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Mandate Transfer to UN
With the formal demise of the League of Nations in 1946, the United Nations was established to succeed it. The UN assumed obligations of the League: Territories under Mandate were to have a "trusteeship system" applied -- this was a continuation of the Mandate system of the League.
Article 80 of the UN declared that "nothing in the [UN] Charter shall be construed...to alter in any manner the rights whatsoever of any states or peoples or the terms of existing international instruments." This preserved the Jewish right to settle in Palestine.
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Violence in Palestine
From the time of the establishment of the Mandate for Palestine, Arab challenges to it were considerable, and were often expressed violently. This was in spite of the fact at that the same that the Mandate for Palestine was established for the Jewish homeland, Mandates for Syria, Lebanon and Iraq were established, all for Arab populations. Arabs were, and still are, offended by the presence of a Jewish state.
Perhaps most grievous of all was the Hebron massacre of 1929: for three days Arabs went on a murderous rampage in the city, killing 67 Jews and destroying property. In the aftermath, the second holiest city of the Jews was left bereft of Jews for the first time in hundreds of years. (Ultimately the British prevented Jews from living in the city because they said they couldn't protect them.)
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Partition of Palestine
In 1947, the British, who no longer wished to contend with the situation, declared intention to pull out by mid-1948, and turned the Mandate back to the United Nations. A UN Commission considered the matter and recommended a partition of Palestine into one state for the Jews and one for the Arabs, with Jerusalem to be internationalized at first.
This recommendation was placed before the General Assembly as Resolution 181, which was adopted on November 29, 1947 by a vote of 33 to 12, with 10 abstentions. The Arab nations voted as a bloc against.
It is imperative to note that General Assembly Resolutions carry no weight in international law. This resolution was only a recommendation -- it was not binding and it did not supersede the Mandate for Palestine in international law.
The text of the resolution: United Nations General Assembly Resolution 181 November 29, 1947
Legally, this plan would have had binding force only as an agreement between the two parties, i.e., the Jews of Palestine and the Arabs of Palestine.
However, while the Jewish population of Palestinian accepted the proposal, the Arab population did not: they rejected the entire resolution. Thus the partition plan was aborted.
See more here: UN Resolution 181 – The Partition Plan November 29, 1947
There is no way for Arabs today to re-instate this resolution or to claim that Jews have a right to only what was defined as a Jewish state by this aborted resolution.
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Declaration of the Establishment of the State of Israel
On May 14, 1948 (Hebrew date: 5th of Iyar 5708), the Jewish People's Council gathered at the Tel Aviv Museum, and approved a proclamation, declaring the establishment of the State of Israel.
It asserted the natural right of the Jewish people to be like all other peoples, exercising self-determination in its sovereign state and proclaimed the establishment of a Jewish state named "the State of Israel."
It is important to note that Israel's legal legitimacy did not derive from the aborted partition plan -- even though the state was founded on that portion of Palestine that Resolution 181 had allocated for a Jewish state.
It was established according to international norms: based on a declaration of independence by its people and on the establishment of an orderly government within territory under its stable control.
The portion of Palestine on which Israel was not established became unclaimed Mandate land. Nothing in international law had superseded the status of this land as Mandate land.
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1948 War of Independence
Within a day of the establishment of the State of Israel, it was attacked by the states of the Arab League, with clear, openly stated, intention of destroying the new state.
When the war ended in 1949, Israel controlled more territory than it had when independence was declared. Egypt controlled Gaza, and Jordan controlled Judea and Samaria (the West Bank). Western Jerusalem was in Israel's hands, and eastern Jerusalem in Jordan's hands.
Armistice agreements were signed between Israel and the Arab states with which it had been at war. Armistice lines -- temporary ceasefire lines -- were defined by these agreements. They are often referred to as the Green Line.
These armistice demarcation lines did not define a permanent border for Israel. The agreement between Israel and Jordan includes this phrase:
"The Armistice Demarcation Lines defined...in this Agreement are agreed upon by the Parties without prejudice to future territorial settlements or boundary lines..."
"The Armistice Demarcation Lines defined...in this Agreement are agreed upon by the Parties without prejudice to future territorial settlements or boundary lines..."
This is exceedingly important because the PLO/PA claims that this line is Israel's "real" border and the line to which it must withdraw. This is simply not the case.
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Six Day War
From June 5 to June 10, 1967, Israel fought a defensive war against Arab forces from Egypt, Syria and Jordan.
Details here: The Six-Day War (June 5 - 10, 1967)
When it was over, Israel had control of all of Jerusalem, which was united under Israeli sovereignty; the Golan Heights, to which Israeli civil law was applied; the Sinai, which was surrendered as part of the 1979 peace treaty with Egypt; Gaza, which was surrendered in the 2005 disengagement; and Judea and Samaria.
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U.N. 242
In November 1967, the Security Council adopted Resolution 242, which addressed the situation.
This resolution did not require Israel to withdraw to the Green Line. Instead it acknowledged the right of every state in the area "to live in peace within secure and recognized boundaries free from threats or acts of force."
Implicit here was the understanding that the Green Line did not represent a secure boundary. Israel suffered from a lack of strategic depth within the Green Line -- at its narrowest only nine miles wide -- which invited attack and made defense in war time difficult. (This is why Israeli statesman Abba Eban referred to the Green Line as the "Auschwitz borders.")
Thus this resolution called for Israel to withdraw from "territories occupied in the recent conflict." "Territories," not "the territories" or "all territories," meaning, withdrawal from some but not all of the area of Judea and Samaria. There is a legal history of long debate over this wording, because of its significance. Not full withdrawal because that would not leave Israel with a secure boundary.
Once again, then, we see that the claim of the PLO/PA that Israel "must" withdraw to the Green Line is not supported by the facts.
Lastly, the resolution called for "a peaceful and accepted settlement in accordance with the provisions and principles in this resolution." That is, it called for negotiations to determine the final border of Israel.
There was no requirement that Israel withdraw prior to negotiations. And those negotiations have never been held. At the time of this resolution, it was assumed that negotiations would be with Jordan. Today the situation has changed.
For a more detailed explanation and text of the resolution: UN Security Council Resolution 242 Adopted: November 22, 1967
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"Occupation" or "Liberation"
There is nothing in Resolution 242 that forbids construction of settlements in Judea and Samaria by Israel. As this issue is a critical one now, we need to look at this a bit closer:
Israel is not an "occupier" in Judea and Samaria.
The word "occupation" is bandied about regularly. The PA/PLO have adopted the idea of Israel as "occupier" as a mantra and much of the world has accepted it. But the facts tell us something else.
- Judea and Samaria were (and still are) unclaimed Mandate land, to which Israel has the strongest claim.
- Legally, occupation only occurs when one nation moves into the land of another. But there was no nation legally sovereign in Judea and Samaria before 1967 -- Jordan's presence there was not legal.
See: Definition of Belligerent/Millitary Occupation - There are strong legal precedents for the claim that a war fought defensively permits retention of the land secured in that war.
Wrote Steven Schwiebel, former judge of the International Court of Justice:
"...the Israeli conquest of Arab and Arab-held territory was defensiverather than aggressive conquest.
"...it follows that modifications of the 1949 armistice lines.. are lawful...whether those modifications are, in Secretary Rogers's words, 'insubstantial alterations required for mutual security' or more substantial alterations - such as recognition of Israeli sovereignty over the whole of Jerusalem." (Emphasis added)
Read: Selected Writings of Stephen M. Schwebel, Judge of International Court of Justice - With all of the above, it should not be forgotten that areas over the Green Line, in eastern Jerusalem and Judea and Samaria, represent the very heart of Jewish heritage: From the Temple Mount; to Hevron and the Cave of Machpelah, where the matriarch and patriarchs are buried; to Shilo, where the Tabernacle was brought. How can Jews be "occupiers" in their own ancient land?
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International Law
People have the impression that "international law" is a firmly defined body of law. In point of fact, while some international law is established in formal documents, others aspects are very fluid. Just as is the case with "occupation," there is a tendency to politicize this term, so that Israel is forever accused of "violating international law." Be most cautious when hearing this.
There are, as well, instances in which "international law" is interpreted to mean one thing for Israel and another for other countries.
One fascinating example has to do with the Fourth Geneva Convention, Article 49(6), which says "the Occupying Power shall not deport or transfer parts of its own civilian population into the territory it occupies." You may have heard accusations that Israel is in defiance of this Article because of the "settlers."
There are two obvious retorts to this: First, that Israel is not an occupier, and second, that Israel is not deporting or transferring parts of its own civilian population -- the people go of their own volition.
Eugene Kontorovich, however, is currently doing research for a paper and has discovered something else: There are many instances of movement of civilian population into occupied territory. However, while international lawyers claim that Israel must actively oppose civilian migration, refuse to provide services to settlers, etc., in these other instances the reaction is much more tempered. That is, the presumed requirements of "international law" are applied selectively to Israel.
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RELATED ISSUES Oslo Accords
The Oslo Accords, promoted originally by Shimon Peres, Yossi Beilin and others, was founded on the assumption, which proved to be seriously and dangerously erroneous, that peace might be achieved between Israel and the PLO, considered the official representative of the Palestinian Arab people. On September 13, 1993, the Declaration of Principles was signed between Israeli Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin and Yasser Arafat, Chairman of the PLO.
The PLO never properly ratified these Accords, although there was pretense of having done so. Even more significantly, the PLO was committed to changing clauses in its Charter that call for Israel's destruction. Again, there was pretense -- a committee to effect the changes was formed -- but it never happened. The PLO Charter of 1968, which calls for Israel's destruction, is still in place.
It says that Palestine as defined by the Mandate is indivisible and that "armed struggle is the only way to liberate Palestine."
Read: The PLO Charter
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On May 4, 1994, the first agreement was signed, spelling out a limited pullback of Israeli forces in Gaza and Jericho, with the PLO moving into those areas. At this time the Palestinian Authority was founded as an interim administrative authority for a period of five years.
On September 28, 1995, the Interim Agreement (called Oslo II) was signed. This called for a more extensive pullback from major Arab population centers, with the PA assuming responsibility. Three areas were defined: (A) in which the PA has total control, (B) in which the PA has civil control and Israel retains responsibility for security, and (C), in which Israel has total control.
All Jewish settlements in Judea and Samaria are in Area (C). There is nothing in this Interim Agreement that prohibits or restricts the establishment or expansion of Jewish communities in that area.
According to Oslo agreements, so called "final status issues" must be resolved via negotiations: Borders of Israel, potential division of Jerusalem, the nature of the Palestinian Arab entity, etc.
Unilateral actions that achieve a change in the basic situation are said to be a violation of the Accords, which require negotiations.
PLEASE NOTE: The Oslo Accords do not specifically call for the formation of a full Palestinian State, although that is the working assumption today. The goal, as stated in the Declaration of Principles is "negotiations...leading to a permanent settlement based on Security Council resolutions 242..." (From 1967, discussed above.) These were supposed to be the negotiations that would finally determine Israel's border to the east. Until his death, PM Yitzhak Rabin spoke of an autonomy for the Palestinian Arabs that was short of full statehood. With these negotiations was to come peace.
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Taqiyya
Put simply, this is a Muslim propensity for falsehoods or deception in certain circumstances. This behavior is not only approved but sometimes mandated by Sharia (Islamic) law if it benefits Islam or protects Muslims.
The fact that Palestinian Arabs practice taqiyya -- which Islamic scholar Raymond Ibrihim says is mainstream in Islam, and...very prevalent in Islamic politics -- makes it more difficult for Israel to make its case.
Palestinian Arabs, for example, claim that they are the indigenous population in Palestine, descended from the Canaanites or other ancient peoples, while the Jews have no history in the land.
The reality is that those who today call themselves "Palestinians," until a few decades ago identified simply as part of the Arab nation. In fact, before the founding of the modern state of Israel, it was the Jews who were referred to as Palestinians, not the Arabs.
Similarly, Palestinian Arabs say that the Jews are on "their" land and must give it back.
The reality is that there has never been a Palestinian state, on this land or anywhere. There is no case to be made for calling it "their" land.
As well, the Palestinian Arabs say they want a "two-state solution" and will live in peace next to Israel, if Israel will only return to it's Green Line "borders."
The reality is that the PLO (Palestinian Liberation Organization) was founded in 1964, before Israel had secured Judea, Samaria and Gaza. What the PLO wanted to "liberate" was Israel inside the Green Line.
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Editor’s note: There is some excellent material here to study and to share Please click links and read.
Credit: English-online
Let us begin today by looking briefly at the historical situation that immediately followed Israel’s Declaration of Independence and the subsequent War of Independence. At the end of the war, in 1949, armistice lines (ceasefire lines) were established. They were similar to, but not exactly the same, as the lines within which the Jews had declared a state in 1948: Israel had gained a bit of territory. Most significantly, Israel had secured the western part of Jerusalem. (In the original UN proposal, Jerusalem was to be internationalized.
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These armistice lines – referred to as the Green Line – were the lines within which Israel remained until 1967. Egypt had taken Gaza, and Jordan had taken the remainder of Mandate Palestine – Judea and Samaria, dubbed “the West Bank” by Jordan. Jordan, I will note, occupied this land illegally, for it was acquired in a war of aggression.
This Green Line, my friends, is the so-called border behind which Mahmoud Abbas of the PA is always insisting Israel must retreat. He speaks of it as if it had been Israel’s official “border,” and much of the world has adopted this skewed perspective. But it was NOT a border, it was a temporary armistice line. Israel had an armistice agreement with Jordan; it specified that the armistice line was temporary and that a final border would be negotiated (something that never happened).
And note this well: not only was that line not Israel’s border, it was Jordan that Israel was going to negotiate with regarding a final border. There was no mention of Palestinian Arabs; there was no suggestion that a Palestinian state would be on the other side of the border.
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The situation changed in 1967 during the Six Day War, which Israel fought defensively, in the process acquiring Judea and Samaria. What Israel acquired then was Mandate land. Unclaimed Mandate land, to be sure, but according to international law still Mandate land.
There are claims – oi, are there claims! – that Israel is an “occupier” in Judea and Samaria (aka the West Bank), that Israel is there illegally, that Israel has no right to build there.
But how can Israel be an “occupier”? This is land that the Mandate – which has never been superseded – had determined was a Homeland for the Jews. A people cannot be an “occupier” in its own land. How can it be “illegal” for Israel to build in this land, when the Mandate called for “close settlement” by the Jews?
I would add here that the fact that the land was acquired in a defensive war gives an added layer of legitimacy to Israel’s acquisition of it.
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And there is one other point of enormous significance here: Judea and Samaria – the western part of Mandate Palestine promised to the Jews – was stateless when Israel acquired it. No legal sovereignty had been applied to it. That is, Jordan’s presence in the land was illegal. Israel did not usurp the land from another state that had it legally.
According to international law, “occupation” can only take place when one state has taken control of land over which another state already had sovereignty. And remember what I wrote yesterday: There has NEVER been a sovereign Arab state (never mind a “Palestinian Arab” state) in Palestine.
Israel did not “take” the land from any state and thus cannot be an “occupier,” no matter what claims are made to the contrary. Of course, the myth that is promulgated is that Israel “took” the land away from the Palestinian Arabs.
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Following the Six Day War, Israel did not annex Judea and Samaria – something that many, myself included, deeply regret. It would have precluded a host of problems, had Israel claimed her full rights to the land once she had control of it. The thinking at that time was that there might be a trade of that land, or some part of it, for peace – a prospect that turned out to be greatly unrealistic.
And so Judea and Samaria remained unclaimed Mandate land, to which Israel had inarguably, the very best claim. Certainly the fact that Israel did not annex the land did not deny her the right to build there.
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I will mention here only very briefly the Oslo Accords – which many, again including myself – have viewed as a huge mistake. Today the Accords float somewhere in legal limbo, not having been formally renounced by Israel, but – breached repeatedly by the PA – not viable by any meaningful standard.
Two points should be made here with regard to Oslo.
1) The first is that the land of Judea and Samaria was divided by the Accord into three sections. Section C is land over which Israel has both civil and military control. And in this Area, the Accords do not restrict Israel’s right to build. (Israel voluntarily restricted her own right to build in Areas A and B, and this would change were Oslo renounced.) ALL Jewish communities (aka “settlements”) in Judea and Samaria are in Area C.
2) It should also be noted that there is nothing in the Accords about a sovereign Palestinian state. This is an idea that morphed over time. Even Yitzhak Rabin, who was prime minister at the time of the Accords, made it very clear that he envisioned the “final status” (which is what the Accord refers to) as something in the nature of an autonomy that is less than a full state.
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There will be many reasons to refer back to this history over the coming days and weeks. Now I’d like to take a look at some current happenings, considered in the light of this history:
Prime Minister Netanyahu is pushing hard for passage of Basic Law legislation that will declare unambiguously that Israel is a Jewish state. And the furor that is on-going with regard to this is incredible. He is accused of being “undemocratic,” which is patently nonsense.
The Elder of Ziyon blogspot has put up the full draft version of this legislation. This is the draft Netanyahu prefers, although it may change. It says that its goal is:
“Defining the State of Israel as the national state of the Jewish People, andanchoring the values of the State of Israel as a Jewish and democratic statein the spirit of the principles of the Declaration of Independence.”
It declares that:
“The State of Israel is democratic, based on the foundations of freedom, justice and peace in light of the visions of the prophets of Israel, and upholds the individual rights of all its citizens according to law.”
And that:
“The State will act to enable all residents of Israel, regardless of religion, race or nationality, to preserve their culture, heritage, language and identity.”
And that:
“…members of recognized faiths shall be entitled to rest on their Sabbaths and holidays.”
So what do Netanyahu’s critic’s object to? It says that Israel is the national home of the Jewish People, in which the Jewish People realizes it right to self-determination. It identifies Hatikva as the national anthem, says the flag has a Star of David on it, recognizes all Jews as having the right to immigrate.
And this, say the complainers, makes non-Jews “second class citizens.”
But wait! The Mandate described Palestine as the Homeland of the Jews, and acknowledged national rights of self-determination only for the Jewish people, with non-Jews having equal protection with regard to individual civil and religious rights only. This is not new.
And if we look at the Resolution 181 of the General Assembly that recommended a partition of Palestine: one state was to be a Jewish state. Have they not noticed this?
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What’s going on now is political, an attempt by Netanyahu’s critics inside of Israel to play to the Arabs and the greater world:
“See? See how liberal and fair I am! See how I protect the Arab minority in Israel. See, you can trust me to get along with you.”
Of course, there is the chorus of criticism from outside of Israel by members of the EU and others. But, while we don’t expect much from the EU, we have a right to expect better from Israeli politicians.
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There are those who ponder why Netanyahu is making quite the fuss over this that he is. He is furious with both Tzipi Livni (head of Hatenua) and Yair Lapid (head of Yesh Atid), who are members of the coalition but have publicly crossed the prime minister on this issue. He says he cannot govern with members of the coalition defying coalition discipline and behaving as if they are in the opposition.
Thus there has been serious talk about his dissolving the Knesset and bringing early elections (perhaps by March). He has been courting the Ultra Orthodox parties vigorously, for he would hope to bring them into a new coalition in place of Yesh Atid and Hatenua.
Last week I would have put my money on early elections. Today I’m not so sure. Netanyahu is delaying calling for a vote on the legislation and is seeking wording that would be agreeable to all.
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His reason for persisting on this? There are suggestions that what he is doing is political: That he sees the public support for his party, Likud, slipping in the polls, while Naftali Bennett’s party, Habayit Hayehudi, is garnering greater support. And that he is therefore making an all out effort to take a stand sure to be pleasing to the right wing that is favoring Bennett. What is more, goes this thinking, he is provoking a coalition crisis that will lead to new elections, because he thinks he’ll do better in elections now than he would some months from now.
I know full well that Binyamin Netanyahu is a political animal, and there may be some modest truth in what is being said. I, however, read a great deal more into this. I believe he knows what international efforts are afoot to delegitimize Israel and so believes that it is essential to codify our nature as a state unambiguously and up front.
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Please, see what Gerald Steinberg, professor of political science at Bar Ilan University and president of NGO Monitor, has to say about this situation (emphasis added):
“In the debate on the proposed ‘Jewish state law,’ much of the criticism erases the context that brought this issue to the political center at this time. Claims of ‘racism’ and ‘discrimination’ that have echoed through the media and in the Knesset reduce an important and complex issue to simplistic and misleading slogans…
”This initiative cannot be understood without considering the ongoing campaigns to erode and eventually erase the essential Jewish framework of Zionism. For a number of years, anti-Zionist political groups and non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have sought to reverse the definition of Israel as the nation-state of the Jewish people, and replace it by a state ‘of all of its citizens.’
“…claims that a Jewish state is somehow racist or a theocracy ignore the fact that the 28 members of the European Union (plus Norway and Switzerland) are Christian societies, with symbols, flags, calendars, and, as in Britain, an established Church. Similarly, there are over 55 countries that define themselves as Islamic, and a number are, in fact, theocracies. Thus, the attempts to single out Israel for criticism are themselves highly discriminatory.
“For all of these reasons, the political agenda reflects the importance of reinforcing Israel’s fundamental Jewish and Zionist identity, based on the 1948 Declaration of Independence, which defines Israel clearly and repeatedly as ‘the Jewish state.’ And while different formulae exist in order to reach this objective, opponents who resort to false slogans such as ‘racism’ are contributing to the problem.”
http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/the-jewish-state-law-as-a-response-to-demonization/
http://blogs.timesofisrael.com/the-jewish-state-law-as-a-response-to-demonization/
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Two days ago, in an emergency session of the Arab League in Cairo, Abbas declared:
”We will never recognize the Jewishness of the state of Israel.”
He accused Israel of setting up an apartheid state.
So there you have it. It is in response to this sort of thinking that Netanyahu seems determined to take his stand.
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I would like to close with good news – evidence of the democratic spirit with which Israel relates to its non-Jewish citizens:
On Thursday, MK Danny Danon (Likud) announced that he was going to attempt to secure an addendum to the “Jewish state” bill calling for affirmative action for minority communities that take active part in defending the state. That would be the Druse and Circassian communities, which take part in mandatory military service.
Now the prime minister has announced he will be submitting a plan to the government for “significant investment” in the Druse and Circassian communities – in the areas of education, employment and infrastructure.
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Credit: Dudi Vaaknin
The parents and the widow of Zidan Saif, the Druse police officer who died protecting Jews in the Har Nof massacre, visited the Har Nof synagogue and met with members of the congregation in an emotional meeting.
Said Rinael Saif, Zidan’s widow, to the widows of the four rabbis who had been slain, “There is no way to make this easier, no words that can offer comfort, I feel your sorrow.” The families held a joint prayer service.
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“Lost in the uproar over the proposed Israeli Nationality Bill has been the historic recognition of Arameans as a separate nationality in Israel. Israel is the first country in the world to recognize the Arameans. And this historic recognition has empowered and emboldened Arameans to seek better treatment in other countries they live in.
“On Wednesday, November 26, the World Council of Arameans (WCA) will be addressing the Seventh Session of the Forum on Minority Issues at the United Nations in Geneva. Shadi Halul, an Aramean from Gush Halav in the Galilee, will be traveling to Geneva in order to address the assembly. His two year old child was the first person to be registered under the new identity in Israel, one month ago…
“Part of his statement will read as follows: ‘We, Aramean Christian Israelis, want all the nations of the world to see the historic democratic move of Israel in recognizing the nationality of “Aramean” within the Christian citizens of the Jewish and democratic Israel…’
“’The only safe haven for our people in the entire region is Israel,’ Jahn Zaknoun, spokesperson of the Christian Aramaic Society in Israel told Tazpit News Agency. ‘It is the only place we are demographically growing in the entire region. In 1948 there were between 50,000 and 70,000 Arameans in the countryl, and today there are 130,000 Arameans.’
“”We want our people to be a useful and productive part of the country, to serve in the army, as anyone who loves this country as it is would do,’ Zaknoun added. ‘Israel is the only country in the region where everyone who comes here is integrated into society. Anyone who cherishes freedom, of life and of speech, loves Israel.’”
What a source of pride for all Israelis! Share this, share this, share this.
The Aramean Christians are one of the most ancient Christian churches, originating in Iraq, Syria and Turkey. They are brutally persecuted today outside of Israel.
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I end today with a video of the Circassian community in Israel, a Muslim community that is “proud to be Israeli.” This community cannot return to its native Caucasus and is grateful to the Israeli government for its assistance to Muslim leaders in the land. In Arab lands they cannot raise the Circassian flag – in Israel they can.
(Thanks to Danny Seaman.)
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ReplyDeleteTo me and to most Traditional Jews, Greater Israel is the Biblical Israel, which included a good part of the territory east of the Jordan River. The original allocation of Palestine aka The Historical Land of Israel to the Jewish people included the territory east of the Jordan River and up-to the Railroad line which is about 120,000 sq. km.. The best defense is offense, no capitulation to Arab or worldwide pressure; we want what is ours no exceptions. See the minutes of the 1919 Paris conference, The 1920 San Remo Conference and the Faisal Weizmann Agreement of January 1919. The Arabs-Muslims received over 12 million sq. km. with a wealth of oil reserves of which over half of it has no habitation, plus the British in violation of treaties and agreements gave away over 77% of allocated Jewish territory and created the new Arab-Palestinian state of Jordan and prohibiting Jews from living there and confiscating all their assets, and now the Biased U.N. with non-binding resolutions and no legal standing (which has no authority to create countries, modify borders and violate international treaties and agreements, it can only recommend a non-binding opinion/resolution with no legal standing) and other nations who are intentionally deceived and or misinformed, want Israel to cede again their own historical territory for over 3,500 years, Judea and Samaria as a second Arab-Palestinian state (and plant a terrorist state in the heart of Israel, just like Gaza), after the disastrous ceding of Gaza and the constant rocket attacks against Jewish communities in Israel). My response to that is it is not going to happen; it is suicide for Israel, this is Jewish land with a history going back over 3,800 years; Jews are the remaining indigenous people, with the Jewish holiest city Jerusalem and the Capital of Israel (It was never a Capital of any other nation). Moreover Jerusalem is the home to two Jewish temples and the city of Hebron as the 2nd holiest city for the Jews with the Cave of The Jewish Patriarchs (The atrocities and murder committed by the Arabs in Hebron against the Jews goes at least as far back as 1517). The Arabs also terrorized and expelled over a million Jewish families with their children and confiscated all their assets including, personal property, businesses, homes and about 120,000 sq. km. of Jewish owned Real Estate property and land for over 2,500 years; valued in the trillions of dollars. Most of the expelled Jewish families and their children were resettled in Israel, and today comprise over half the population. Any Jew who wants to cede land to the Arabs has no place in Israel, especially in view of past results that such land for peace has brought more terror and violence and less safety and security for Israel and its people.
ReplyDeleteNo Jew has the right or authority to cede Jewish territory and any such ceding of Jewish territory is not valid.
“A United Israel is a strong Israel”
YJ Draiman, President of AFSI in the Greater Los Angeles area
AFSI – Americans for a Safe Israel
There must not be second guessing in killing a terrorist.
ReplyDelete“Israel’s Disproportionate and Callous Restraint.”
This policy by Israel’s government endangers the population of Israel and reduces safety and security.
A response with no holds barred and zero tolerance must be taken – less talk and more action and action speaks louder than words – take off the gloves and destroy the enemy and the threat once and for all. The British and Americans after rockets hit London in WWII sent bombers on a daily basis and destroyed German infrastructure and leveled cities. The U.S. to save American lives destroyed Hiroshima and Nagasaki. Israel must do what is necessary to protect its people with no restraint whatsoever and not pacifying the anti-Semitic world at large; which throughout history has persecuted the Jewish people and used them as scapegoats.
It is your duty and responsibility to protect the people of Israel at all costs. Do your duty. Death to all terrorists must be mandatory.
YJ Draiman
Temple Mount in Jerusalem is Jewish territory and has been
ReplyDeleteSince, prior to the building of the two Jewish temples
(as a matter of fact King David of Israel had paid the Aruna the Jebusites money to purchase that property, to avoid conflict). Israel after liberating it in 1967 graciously permitted the
Arabs to continue to pray there. Now the time has come to terminate that
arrangement. It is the Arabs who are defiling The Jewish holy of holies.
After years of abuse of this privilege, by committing violence and violently
interfering with Jewish worshipers on a consistent basis, Israel has the right, duty and obligation to revoke that privilege.
Let us take back our sacred ground, once and for all.
I am sure the Arab-Muslim would not permit anyone in the world to build and
control the holy Muslim Site in Mecca.
Let the Arab-Muslim have Mecca and the Judeo-Christian have Jerusalem and the Temple Mount and relocate all the Arabs to the 120,000 sq. km. of territory the Arab countries confiscated from the million Jewish families they expelled and to Jordan which is Jewish territory.
YJ Draiman
Abbas AKA Abu Mazen the leader of the Arab PA is delusional as usual and is a wanted criminal.
ReplyDeleteThe UN and the UNESCO are advisory only and cannot dictate to sovereign nations any of its recommendations which are non-binding and have no legal standing - Check the Charter.
If Abbas keeps pushing the envelope there is a warrant for his arrest waiting for him and Israel can exercise its legal right to arrest him for his conviction for murder. Abbas is a wanted criminal with a reward on his head. It seems many ignore these facts and treat this demonic terrorist as a normal law abiding individual, which he is not.
The Area formerly known and called as Palestine aka The Land of Israel belongs to the Jewish people under International law and treaties.
The UN or the ICJ are only in advisory capacity with non-binding resolutions which has no legal standing, stop citing them if they are the law of the world, they are not.
I think when they are riots and killing in the US and other countries the UN should be able to post a force to protect the population, but I know that is against international law and the US and any other country would not permit such a move which violates their sovereignty.
Israel should give a 90 day notice the UN and the world at large that it intends to exercise its historical and international rights under the international law and treaties of post WWI including the 1919 Faisal Weizmann Agreement which are still in effect and have not been superseded. Under those treaties all of Palestine 120,000 sq. km. is in effect belongs to Israel.
Israel will no longer tolerate the deceptive term of occupation by Israel;
it is internationally guaranteed Jewish land liberated by Israel.
It is the Arabs who are the occupiers.
The Arabs received over 12 million sq. km. of territory with a wealth of oil reserves after WWI and in 1922 received in violation of International law and Treaties the new Arab-Palestinian State of Jordan was established on Jewish allocated territory; they expelled the Jews and confiscated all their assets in Jordan and prohibiting Jews from residing in Jordan. The Arab countries also terrorized and expelled over a million Jewish families and confiscated all their assets, including personal valuables, businesses, homes and over 120,000 sq. km. of Jewish owned Real Estate for over 2,500 years, valued in the trillions of dollars. Most of the million expelled Jewish families and their children from Arab countries were resettled in Israel and today comprise over half the population.
YJ Draiman
After a decades of Arab deception, to believe peace is possible is a delusion, and another mistake, that is costing Jewish lives and the security of Israel.
ReplyDeleteThe Arabs have a state, which is Jordan. Jordan illegally occupied and confiscated about 80% of the land allocated to Jews under international law and treaties of post WWI and the Faisal Weizmann Agreement in 1919. The Arabs also have the Jewish businesses, homes and over 46,332 square miles of land (which is 6 times the size of Israel) which the Arab countries illegally confiscated from the million expelled Jewish families. The Muslim also killed all the Jews in Medina which was a Jewish city for over 2,700 years. In 1920 San Remo Conference by the Supreme Allied Powers, the Arabs received over 12 million sq. km. of territory with a wealth of oil reserves and the Jewish people were allocated the territory formerly known as Palestine aka The Land of Israel, as its historical land, which is about 120,000 sq. km. of territory. Today Israel’s territory is about 21,000 sq. km.
The British in violation of agreements took away over three quarters of Jewish allocated territory and created the new Arab state of Jordan and Jordan was set-up in 1922 on Jewish territory as the new Arab-Palestinian state, they expelled the Jewish population and confiscated all their assets; Jordan declared its independence in 1946.
It is time to take another approach. Forego all peace talks until the Arabs can prove they can control their population and live with the Jews in peaceful coexistence for at least 5 years. Furthermore, Arabs must eliminate the education of its people to commit terror and violence; replacing it with education and practice of living in harmony and coexistence. To publicly and physically oppose terror and violence, with physical enforcement of such violations. Nothing less will be accepted. It is not negotiable.
YJ Draiman
BEN-GURION’S DECLARATION ON THE EXCLUSIVE AND INALIENABLE JEWISH RIGHT TO THE WHOLE OF
ReplyDeleteTHE LAND OF ISRAEL:
at the Basle Session of the 20th Zionist Congress at Zurich(1937)
No Jew has the right to yield the rights of the Jewish People in Israel -
David Ben Gurion
(David Ben-Gurion was the first Prime Minister of Israel and widely hailed as the State's main founder).
"No Jew has the right to yield the rights of the Jewish People in Israel.
No Jew has the authority to do so.
No Jewish body has the authority to do so.
Not even the entire Jewish People alive today has the right to yield any part of Israel.
It is the right of the Jewish People over the generations, a right that under
no conditions can be cancelled.
Even if Jews during a specific period proclaim they are relinquishing this right, they have neither the power nor the authority to deny it to future generations.
No concession of this type is binding or obligates the Jewish People. Our right to the country - the entire country - exists as an eternal right, and we shall not yield this historic right until its full and complete redemption is realized."
(David Ben Gurion, Zionist Congress, Basel, Switzerland, 1937.)
"No country in the world exists today by virtue of its 'right'.
All countries exist today by virtue of their ability to defend themselves against those who seek their destruction
Less talk and more action and results.
ReplyDelete“In Israel; We have to undue and reverse the decades of nonsense that the peace industry has fermented, which led us to the position where the world thinks we the Jews are occupiers in our own ancestral land. If something is false and it is repeated enough times it becomes sort of common wisdom. We have to undo that.”
Arab-Palestinians; you have to be a country first, which you are not, before you can be a country under occupation. Furthermore, the Arab-Palestinians have a State it is called Jordan which was created illegally from Jewish territory.
The UN cannot make a country for the Arab-Palestinians. They have no such authority under the UN Charter; Moreover, The UN cannot abrogate International law and treaties. The UN is only an advisory capacity and all UN resolutions are non-binding and have no legal standing and must be accepted by all the parties in writing to be valid, The Arabs did not agree, therefore the resolutions have no meaning whatsoever. Furthermore, the Arabs already have an Arab-Palestinian state. It is Jordan which is comprised of over 77% of the allocated Jewish territory after WWI when the Arabs received over 12 million sq. km. of territory with a wealth of oil reserves.
YJ Draiman
Local Arabs is the description of the Arabs in what was formerly known as the region of Palestine, which is the Land of Israel. It is an insult and it is promoting the perpetration of a fraud by calling the local Arabs nothing else than local Arabs. Prior to the mid sixties they were called Arabs all of a sudden they woke up one morning and decided in order to promote their fraud and deception to assume the title the Jews had since the Romans renamed the Land of Israel Palestine and Jerusalem Aelia Capitolina.
ReplyDeleteYJ Draiman
Also, let's not forget that not only is the word Palestine a Roman miss-spelling of philistine with no Arabic roots whatsoever and the only area the Philistines had was the Gaza area, the rest had 7 other nationalities; it's only purpose was to insult the Jewish people and serve as a constant reminder that they had been conquered by the Romans. There is a certain irony in the idea that these Arabs would choose a Roman name over making up their own. But that fits their method of operations in that all they do is take what is NOT theirs. Be it the land of Israel, the bodies of innocent women and children, the freedom that the EU and the U.S.A. insists on giving them, thus to abuse and threaten. Why wouldn't they steal a name designated for the Jews by the Romans also? Principally since until 50 years ago the Arab themselves considered is as an insult to Arabs. Abbas the terrorist with a murder conviction belongs in Jail and should be hanged for his crimes.
No Jew or Jewish government has the right to evict Jews from their historical land in Greater Israel. “Israel, including Judea and Samaria, and the land east of the Jordan River has been the land of the Jewish people since time immemorial, over 30 centuries. Judea means Land of the Jews. Never in the history of the world has there been an autonomous state in the area that was not Jewish.” There has never been a Nation known as Arab Palestine. The Arabs received over five million sq. mi. – 12 million sq. km. of territory with a wealth of oil reserves, but that was not enough. Violating international law and treaty the British allocated over three quarters of Jewish allocated land to the Arabs as the new Arab state of Jordan. Now the Arabs want more; they will not stop until they have all of Israel without the Jews. The Arab countries expelled over a million Jewish families and confiscated all their assets including businesses, homes and over 46,332 sq. mi. (about 120,000 sq. km. which is 6 times the size of Israel) of Jewish owned land for over 25 centuries. The Faisal Weizmann Agreement of January 1919 stipulated that all of Palestine is Jewish territory. No Jews are allowed to live in Jordan or in the West Bank area controlled by the Arab Palestinian Authority – Now you see it is the Arabs who are committing ethnic cleansing, just like they cleansed over a million Jewish families from Arab countries and now they are cleansing the millions of Christians and others.
The Oslo Accord is null and void as Abbas stated in the summer of 2015 at the U.N.
You; the Arabs have murdered the Jews and others and now you want to inherit them?
In view of past history of persecution; Israel and the Jews have an obsolete obligation to defend themselves at all costs. NEVER AGAIN. It must be in action not just words. No capitulation to the bias world.
YJ Draiman
The U.N. cannot create or modify countries or territories, they can only issue a non-binding recommendation with no legal standing (see the UN Charter it is only advisory, this also applies to the ICJ). Israel was reconstituted by international law in 1920 which allocated Palestine for the Jewish homeland and the Arabs were allocated over 5 million sq. mi. of territory with a wealth of oil reserves, the British in violation of international law took away over 77% of the land allocated to the Jewish people and gave it to the Arabs as their state east of the Jordan River.
ReplyDeleteThe Jews were not given the land in Israel and the Jewish part of the land was purchased from the rich Arab landowners at a premium price, even-though the land belongs to the Jewish people and the Ottoman Empire as occupier owned over 90% of the land and the Arabs were sharecroppers and not owners. During testimony in front of the British Peel Commission January 12, 1937 The Hajj Amin el-Husseini, the intractable opponent of Zionism, a Jew-hater who killed over 12,000 Jews in Bosnia on par with Hitler, admitted under questioning that no Arab land was stolen; no Arabs were wiped out, no villages destroyed. Rather, the Jews bought hundreds of thousands of dunams (dunam equals
about ¼ of an acre) of land from willing sellers, often from absentee wealthy Arab landowners. During the 1948 war of Independence; Six Arab nations waged war on the Jewish state and got their skull handed to them. At that point, they earned it. Countries have tried to knock them off the hill, but Israel keeps winning, so, yeah, it's their land now. Deal with it. And sweetie, Hamas is a terrorist group. Innocent people are being slaughtered by Hamas...and then they hide behind innocent people as Israel fires back. It's surprising to see an American eat up Hamas's propaganda so easily. The Arabs who reside in Israel in peace are citizens and have the best standard of living, education and Medical services than any other Arab/Muslim country.
I would be hard pressed to identify any (non third world, anyway) country today that exists without any change in "ownership." To me, the Native American Indians were in North America first. The Europeans "conquered" the country, built it up, more people came, some land was partitioned back to the American Indians (reservations), where they (reluctantly, I'm sure) exist. Now, what would happen if the Native Americans decided that they wanted more of their homeland and started lobbing missiles into Oklahoma City? Do you think the US Government would just sit by?
The bottom line is that all these people in the Middle East can make claims and justify their land rights, depending on a point in time in history. Right now, there is Israel and there are surrounding Arab nations. The Arabs (and their derivatives) need to stop trying to destroy Israel and other terrorist acts and try and co-exist. It is pretty clear to most even-minded people that Israel has been living under constant threats and, given the fact that they haven't nuked their enemies, has been showing considerable restraint. The Arab/Palestinians (which isn't even a real "nation" by the way, if one reads history) have some land to call their own and it is called Jordan and so does Israel, which took care of the million Jewish families terrorized and expelled from Arab countries, The Arabs countries confiscated all their assets, personal valuables, businesses, homes and their land of over 46,000 sq. mi. – 120,000 sq. km., which is 6 times the size of Israel and are holding Jewish assets valued in the trillions of dollars. The Arabs also have Jordan which is on Jewish territory.
After WWI The Arabs received over 12 million sq. km of territory with a wealth of oil reserves. And the Jews received all of Palestine aka the historical Land of Israel.
ReplyDeleteIn fact sovereignty of the Jews over Palestine aka The Land of Israel West of the Jordan is supported five ways:
1. By the grant of the WWI Allies to the Jewish people of exclusive political rights to the historical Jewish territory in Palestine in trust to World Jewry on April 25, 1920 incorporating the Balfour Declaration as international law, that included all of Jewish historical Palestine aka The Land of Israel, intended to vest when the Jews in Palestine had attained a population majority. It also included the Faisal Weizmann Agreement of January 1919. Prior to that time, England abandoned its trusteeship as the mandatory power /regime to bring about the Jewish National Home in Palestine (while the terms of the Mandate for Palestine stayed in force in perpetuity, and de jure sovereignty devolved to the Jews who attained a majority not long afterwards in 1950 from the immigration of all the Jews in the Middle East who were expelled by the Arabs and dispossessed of all their assets, personal property, homes and over 46,332 sq. mi. (120,000 sq. km.) of Real Estate and land; where they and their ancestors had lived for over 2,500 years, they also expelled all the Jews from Jewish historical land in Jordan and confiscated all their assets and prohibited Jews from living in Jordan.
2. In the opinion of world acclaimed International Lawyers Julius Stone and Steven Schwebel based on Jordan's conquest of Judea, Samaria and East Jerusalem in an aggressive war and their liberation by Israel in a defensive war.
3. Under US and UK treaty law based on the Anglo American Convention of 1924.
4. In the historic way sovereignty was gained, by asserting Israeli sovereignty and Independence in 1948 and defending its territory with its blood and treasure, establishing control and stability over its liberated and claimed territory.
5. Under Canon law by a gift from God, as shown in the Old Testament.
Also we have the January 1919 Faisal Weizmann Agreement which agreed that Palestine aka The Land of Israel is Jewish territory.
The remaining Arabs do not own land, during the Ottoman rule of Palestine when the Ottoman Empire owned over 90% of the land, the Arabs never claimed or had aspiration for an Arab/Palestinian state; since there never was an Arab nationality as Arab/Palestinian, nor an Arab Palestinian state.
YJ Draiman
Is the pervasive view among Arabs that the Middle East should be an exclusive Arab world historically justifiable? I thought the Ottoman conquest over most of the Middle East, which lasted around 500 years, should have dispelled that view.
Israel has the absolute obligation to build anywhere west of the Jordan River and no country or entity in the world has the right to intervene and prevent Israel’s development of its territory without interference from anybody.
All the territory west of the Jordan River and more belongs to the State of Israel, based on historical data, international law and agreements.
ReplyDeleteIsrael must build at least 100,000 housing units per year in Judea and Samaria for the next 10 years and more. It also needs to build 3 secure superhighway connecting Judea and Samaria to Israel.
Construct extensive military bases in Judea and Samaria to protect the people and the country.
Israel also needs to build at least 50,000 housing units per year in greater Jerusalem.
Open Atarot airport and a high tech center and more industry, and build many additional roads and secure highways in and from Jerusalem with expanded rail system.
Israel must also build a minimum of 15,000 housing units in the Galil and 15,000 housing units in the Negev every year for the next ten years and expand the infrastructure, public transportation – fast trains, roads and highways. They have to expand industry and commerce with incentives to enhance the desire of people to live in the Galil and the Negev.
Construct military bases and local agencies in Judea and Samaria to protect and help the people and the country.
YJ Draiman
P.S. The Arabs were allocated after WWI over 12 million sq. km. of territory with a wealth of oil reserves. There is already an Arab Palestinian state allocated to them in violation of Agreements, which is on Jewish land over three times the size of Israel, east of the Jordan River; it is called Jordan where 80% of the population are Arab Palestinians and the Arabs in Judea and Samaria have a Jordanian passport.
Oslo accords are null and void as stated by Abbas in the U.N. in the summer of 2015. Israel must dismantle the Arab PA and include Judea and Samaria as a continuous sovereign part of Israel. Transfer Arab population to Jordan, Gaza and to the homes and the over 120,000 sq. km. of homes and land the Arab countries confiscated from the Million Jewish families they expelled who now settled in The Land of Israel.
YJ Draiman
"We must be ready to sacrifice all for our country Israel.
ReplyDeleteFor history does not long entrust the care of freedom to the weak or the timid. We must continue to acquire proficiency in defense and display determination and stamina in purpose." Never surrender - we are fighting for our survival and the alternative is extinction.
Israel's mission first and foremost is to take care of the Jewish people and insure their safety and security in Israel at all costs ignoring world criticism. Israel's obligation is to its Jewish People and not to pacify the world at large.
The historical facts are that for thousands of years the world at large has always persecuted the Jewish people and stood idle while millions of Jews are exterminated and persecuted.
Right now we are in a badly separated, internally struggling, and bickering state both within Israel and also in the Diaspora. And our enemies are happily latching onto this internal fragmentation exploiting us against each other and leading successful campaigns against us on all fronts.
No political wisdom, trickery or weapons and a mighty army can save Israel or Jews worldwide unless we rise above our differences, above our argumentative nature and form a single united Nation of Israel that is impenetrable. And that wouldn't just save us but would blaze a trail of hope for others in this crazy world where there are no allies or friends any more only enemies waiting for the opportunity to destroy each other.
We may not agree on everything, but we must respect each other and work together for our common goal which is survival in this hostile world which is on a spiral of deterioration.
“United we stand, divided we fall”
"A United Israel is a Strong Israel"
YJ Draiman
Face it - No Arab-Palestinian state west of the Jordan River
ReplyDeleteIf you read the 1917 Balfour Declaration (Which emulated Napoleons 1799 letter to the Jewish community in Palestine promising that The National Home for The Jewish people will be reestablished in Palestine, as the Jews are the rightful owners). Nowhere does it state an Arab entity west of The Jordan River. The San Remo Conference of 1920 does not state an Arab entity west of The Jordan River, confirmed by Article 95 in the 1920 Treaty of Sevres. The Mandate for Palestine terms does not state an Arab entity west of the Jordan River. It specifically states a Jewish National Home in Palestine without limiting the Jewish territory in Palestine. It also states that the British should work with the Jewish Agency as the official representative of the Jews in Palestine to implement the National Home of the Jewish people in Palestine. I stress again; nowhere does it state that an Arab entity should be implemented west of the Jordan River.
As a matter of historical record, The British reallocated over 77% of Jewish Palestine to the Arab-Palestinians in 1922 with specific borders and Jordan took over additional territory like the Gulf of Aqaba which was not part of the allocation to Jordan.
No where in any of the above stated agreements does it provides for an Arab entity west of the Jordan River. The U.N. resolutions are non-binding with no legal standing, same applies to the ICJ. The Oslo Accords are null and void.
It is time to relocate the Arabs in Israel to Jordan and to the homes and the 120,000 sq. km. the Arab countries confiscated from the over a million Jewish families that they terrorized and expelled and those expelled Jews were resettled in Israel. They can use the trillions of dollars in reparations for the Jewish assets to finance the relocation of the Arabs and help set-up an economy and industry instead of living on the world charity. The Arab countries were allocated over 13 million sq. km. with a wealth of oil reserves.
YJ Draiman
Political Rights in Palestine aka The Land of Israel were granted only and exclusively to the Jews in all of Palestine