The rights of the Jewish people to the Land of Israel - B.Z

The rights of the Jewish people to the Land of Israel

iv

Canadian citizens for the sake of Israel's legal rights) Aklzm"i (

Introduction

The rights of the Jewish people to the Land of Israel) Zaia"i (leads the reader to a journey

Encompassing three thousand years: the historic connection of the Jewish people to the Land

Israel; Revival of national aspirations embodied in the Zionist movement

Modern; Recognition of their collective rights in international law-nationalism;

And malicious violation of these rights during the British Mandate - up

The announcement of the creation of Israel as the State of the Jewish people.

In the conclusion, a number of issues presented by the distinction between myth

Fact. These issues continue to place obstacles obstructing the exit

The political reality of the Arab-Israeli conflict - the way to a just peace

And sustainable region.

This book is structured to provide the reader with a gradual breakdown level:

▪ The essence of historical events and key documents-legal

Some pages served chronologically with brief explanations.

▪ The Then came the extension of this agreement depth review of

These documents and events.

▪ The last, notes and references include more than connectivity

Internet relevant, trusted sources.

Zaia"i is our response to implantation of the peace process concepts "such as

"Occupation", "land for peace" and The solution to the two countries "- hinting all

The purchase of land questionable) if not illegal (by the Jewish people,

And consequently deny the legitimate rights of the Jewish people to the Land

Israel, the rights enshrined in international law.

We hope that this report will be those who believe in supremacy of the facts

Compared opinions and legends, and these protagonists daily with outbreaks of anti-

Zionism - the academic world, in political circles and in the media.

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Canadian citizens for the sake of Israel's legal rights) Aklzm"i (

Acknowledgements

I would like to express my gratitude to Mr. Howard Grief - lawyer and notary

Jerusalem, Israel - the exhaustive work of legal rights

Israel, have tapped her work in getting this book.

Attorney Howard Grief is the author of The Legal Foundation and Borders of Israel under International Law) "Legal secret and borders

Of Israel under international law "(. The book was published in 7002

By removing from Jerusalem. Mr. Griff also authored several articles

Published on various sites on the Internet in recent years.

Although the book have been used in the preparation of many other sources - as evidenced by

Connectivity expressed comments and documents are accessible on the Internet - section about

Israel's legal rights under international law rests primarily

The outgoing work-to the exclusion of attorney Howard Grief, also kindly agreed

Read your handwriting, and spared no effort in providing and comments concerning

Matter, and which I thank him.

I would also like to express my sincere appreciation to Sir Martin Gilbert, with

Managed Hliftmctbim helpful, and knowledge-based insights

Churchill exhaustive and British politics in the critical period following the

First World War.

Last but not least, I pay tribute to Dr. Jacques Gaotiih, a lawyer living in Toronto,

Research has dedicated many years legal rights of the Jewish people

Jerusalem. He submitted his findings in a comprehensive thesis, Sovereignty over the Old City of Jerusalem: A Study of the Historical, Religious, Political and Legal Aspects of the Question of the Old City

) "Sovereignty over the Old City of Jerusalem: the study of the historical aspects,

Religious, political and legal aspects of the question of the Old City "(.

Solomon will sing

vi

Canadian citizens for the sake of Israel's legal rights) Aklzm"i (

Table of Contents

The rights of the Jewish people to the Land of Israel

The source of Israel's legal rights, recognition and Violation

Agreements

Canadian citizens for the sake of Israel's legal rights) Aklzm"i (ii

First-up, Goldie Steiner iii

Introduction iv

Acknowledgements v vi Contents

Extract: historical events, documents and chronology

1 Introduction

Part 1 source of Israel's legal rights 3

Part 2: Land of Israel) Palestine (British Mandate period

From 0270 to 0292 7

Israel: anything country from 1948 to 1945: 9

Review depth) Part 1)

Ancient Israel

0711-277 BC 11

277-373 BC 14

373 BC - 21 AD 16

19 historical context

The advent of modern Zionism 22

Ottoman Empire 24

The Balfour Declaration 26

"Fourteen Points" Wilson 29

Paris Peace Conference - 0101 31

Basic alliance of the League of Nations 35

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Canadian citizens for the sake of Israel's legal rights) Aklzm"i (

San Remo: 38 milestone

San Remo and International Law 42

The Franco-British 44

The creation of Transjordan 47

Transjordan: legal and political questions 50

Mandate for Israel:

52 Principles

Areas and communities 53

"Distribution" First 57

Legal validity 61

Summary 64

Anglo-American Convention 65

Review depth) Part 2)

Eretz Israel) Palestine (British Mandate period

67 Hiikrft Committee

Churchill White Paper 69

Shaw Commission and Hope-Simpson Report 71

Passfield White Paper of 74

Peel - Woodhead Commission 76

MacDonald White Paper 80

Jewish immigration 83

UN partition resolution: Resolution No. 080 85

Summary

Language and legend 89

Some Thoughts on peace 91

95 comments

A summary of historical events, documents

And chronology

▪ The Introduction

▪ The part 1 source of Israel's legal rights

▪ The part 2 of Eretz Israel) Palestine (British Mandate period

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Canadian citizens for the sake of Israel's legal rights) Aklzm"i (

Introduction

No political issue in recent times disfigured disfigured in facts

The facts related to the Arab-Israeli conflict. Ideas, fantasies and propaganda

Managed to obfuscate the facts relating to what is known today as the conflict

"Israeli-Palestinian".

This book focuses on the legal rights of the Jewish people to the Land of Israel:

• The historical roots;

• The recognition of the key documents of modern international law;

• The scope and their range of provisions;

• The violations of the rights of the Jewish land of Israel during the British Mandate;

• The arguments about Israel's rights in recent decades; And

• The effect is supposed to be these rights in any negotiations to achieve

A just and sustainable region.

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Canadian citizens for the sake of Israel's legal rights) Aklzm"i (

In recent decades, not much has been said about the legal rights of

The State of Israel, and sometimes completely ignored. When the process began

In 0229 Oslo peace - Israel sincerely hoped that he could - interest

Israel's legal rights even more memorable.

In response to a waiver of Israel's many other Btorh peace, Arabs reacted

Land of Israel kept escalating requirements. They also wove Network

0 consists of legends which have been - an unexpected way and unintelligible -

Their embrace of broad sectors of the media, academia, NGOs and halls

Western government. Each culture has its own infrastructure of legends and icons,

And fantasies fabricated by the Arabs of Israel were directed toward two goals

TOTAL: delegitimization of the Jewish presence in the Land of Israel and demonization

The nation-state of the Jewish people.

After more than forty years of Palestinian-Arab propaganda, damaged its image

Of the State of Israel on the world stage. We can not ignore the strength of

Imaginings. However, it seems that fantasy and fairy tales that are so clearly

Facing facts that can not be refuted - they can not hold on

In the long run.

In 0271, concluded the High Commissioner to Israel-Israel paragraph of the intensity

Legal rights of the Jewish people to the Land of Israel. He stated:

"The Balfour Declaration was supported at the time of its publication by several governments

Allied. It was confirmed again by the Conference of Allied

San Remo major in 0171. She then supported by

Various resolutions adopted in both houses of the US Congress; it

Mandate enshrined in the Land of Israel was approved by the League of Nations

In 0277; In the same year established by the Minister of Colonies

'There is no formal policy statement is subject to change' ... policy

Established and approved international approval. "

Israel's legal rights - submitted below in summary -

Are the most loyal factual evidence dispelling the imagination intended dovish

Undermine the legitimacy of the Jewish state.

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The most fundamental right of Israel is ancient history

Its long - since the first settlement of the country to the twelve tribes

Israel, around 0700 BC, to the destruction of the Second Temple in

20 CE. At the end of this period of continuous Jewish presence in the Land of national

Israel - including, for extended periods of Jewish sovereignty - came more

Eighteen years of diaspora to the emergence of the movement

Politics of modern Jewish nationalism, is the Zionist movement.

Zionism was born in a practical way when Theodor Herzl published Der Judenstaat the "Jewish state" following his presence at the trial of

Captain Alfred Dreyfus in Paris. Herzl understood that the "liberation of the Jews

Europe promised as part of the liberal conceptions of revolution

French - did not erase deep-rooted anti-Semitism in

European.

First Zionist Congress - which was held in Basel Switzerland, 72

August 0222 - Herzl in his capacity as president, he and his friends

The program will lead to the re-establishment of a Jewish state in Israel. Area

It was known at the time C"flstinh "was then part of the Empire

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Ottoman, which clarifies why Herzl avoided explicit mention of "Country

Jewish state. "At the beginning of World War I in 0201 - Bertha

Alliance with the German Empire - was limited to the Middle East,

Including - the Land of Israel.

During World War I, conducted extensive diplomatic activity

The British, French, Russians, Arabs from the area in the Arabian Peninsula

Called Hijaz and Jews. The parties signed many agreements - confidential

More and less secret. The Balfour Declaration explicitly stated its intention of

UK to establish a "national home for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel". This statement

Referred to the Zionist Organization through Lord Lionel Rothschild.

Ten months before the end of the First World War, then President of the United States,

Woodrow Wilson, the most important speech in Congress, known as the four speech

Ten points. With his speech, the president spoke thanks to the creation of "association

General of nations "; he expressed his opposition to the secret art, and stressed

The importance of the right of self-determination of peoples. Although many

The ideas of President Wilson were not included in the Treaty of Versailles - the US has

Not ratified - is able to actually setting up the "League of Nations"), League of Nations (to the adoption of the Declaration of Basic - States -'s boyfriend

And Bhotzatn secret art outlawed.

Peace Conference held in Paris in 0202, the first issue

The conference agenda was the establishment of the League of Nations. Declaration of the High-Basic

Which was supposed to operate new international institution Article 77 renewed ballet

The concept of mandates: Peoples released during the conflict newly

Ends - the great powers must not become those colonies, but should

Help them to reach full sovereignty through the Trust Limited

- In which will be placed in control of the area by the mandatory power

Advanced economically. While art determined the future status

European countries signed near Paris, dividing the territories held Previous button

So by the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East conference set precisely

San Remo Peace.

71 April 0270, adopted "The San Remo" - that granted

Britain two seats, the Mandate for Israel and the mandate for Mesopotamia

) Today, Iraq (and France was given the mandate for Syria), who later shared

Syria and Lebanon (. The decision included the wording of the Balfour Declaration,

And gave Britain the legal responsibility for its implementation. The decision was adopted

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By the Supreme Council of the Allied main), United Kingdom, France,

Italy and Japan (which had a legal authority for the first time in history

Has become the Land of Israel - "Palestine" - a legal entity subject to trial

International, which is intended to make the entire National Home of the Jewish people. "

Although the boundaries of the Jewish land of Israel was not clearly determined in San Remo, was

Of course, occupy the two banks of the Jordan River will extend north-south direction

"Dan to Barsba", according to the precedent of the Kingdom of Israel Hhistorit-

Biblically.

The borders of the Land of Israel, set forth in Franco-British Boundary later

More than in 0270. User Sanremo regard to Israel-Israel Treaty included

Sevres in August 0270. This Convention, which was signed by the Turkish Sultan, not

Ratified by the new Turkish government Kamal Attorc

Signed in 0279 the Treaty of Lausanne, which were not included in these instructions,

Because they did not touch the final status of Turkey, while the mandate for Palestine

Israel has been formally approved.

During the discussions of the annual peace conference in San Remo and final approval

A mandate for Israel in July 0277, exchanged the World

Zionist British government several drafts of the Mandate. However, until

Mandate submitted to the Council of the League of Nations final and won its approval,

Reduced land of Israel's Jewish west bank of the Jordan River.

Mandate for Israel and ultimately approved by the fifty-two

Member States of the League of Nations.

Starting in 0277, contributed to the events of blurring or Ldiloln

Territorial rights of the Jewish people in the Land of Israel. The British handed

The Golan Heights to Syria, a French mandate given. Appointed a special body

To mark boundaries, to determine the final borders of the Land of Israel, but

Final borders are not really risen in line with the decisions included

The Franco-British - to the detriment of Jewish Eretz Israel.

Last but not least, the British cut off part of Palestine on the east side

Of the Jordan River, and suspended the implementation of the right of Jewish settlement

Organized there, which is guaranteed in Article 6 of the Mandate for Palestine

Israel. Britain passed into the hands of the Emir Abdullah Hijazi

Management of East Land of Israel, and thus initiated the transformation of this area,

Under the mandate, a separate entity called "Transjordan" which won independence

In 0216, and was reappointed "The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan" at a later date

More.

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The British decision to cut off the Trans-Jordan from the rest of the Land of Israel was due

Partially desire of the British curry favor with Arab leaders. After

French expelled the King Faisal from Damascus in -0270, Faisal's brother,

Abdullah, recruited a small force in order to fight against the French Hejaz Syria.

However, the British stopped him halfway, he was allowed to stay in Amman,

Faisal and transferred to Baghdad where he became the king of Iraq. September

0277 began to Transjordan and the rest of the Land of Israel separated.

While the United States was not a League of Nations, but the government sought

Maintain the rights of US citizens and commercial interests

Area. To this end the United States and Britain made a treaty in 0271 - Convention

Anglo-American about the Land of Israel - including verbatim the full

The wording of the mandate, and that the US was committed to the provisions of the mandate.

This Convention is considered a contract between the two countries and should therefore be seen as a "trial

State top "in the US - and this in accordance with Article 6 of the Constitution of the United States.

The documents mentioned above - San Remo Resolution, the Mandate for Israel,

The Franco-British and Anglo-American Convention on the matter

Land of Israel - are documents of international law, and as such deserves

Will be central in any discussion regarding the Arab-Israeli conflict. Instructions

Arising from these documents has never been canceled. The rights granted to the people

Jews to the Land of Israel remains in force to this day. Unfortunately heart,

They hardly - if ever - mentioned in the media and academic circles. Not allowed

Around them during the ongoing peace process.

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There is no doubt that the British Government after another, began his government's

Lloyd George in 0270, tried their best to cover, block or break the

Legal rights of the Jewish people in Eretz Israel - the rights that they had to

Preserve and promote international commitment received as part of the United Kingdom

Mandatory itself as the land of Israel.

As of the date preceding the little convergence peace conference in San Remo, move

Things repeated over and over again devastating results:

Arab riots - often originate calls cheerleading

Violent behavior out of the Mufti of Jerusalem, Hajj Amin al-Husseini,

Nor, as the head of the Supreme Muslim Council - led to the establishment of a Committee

British probe, whose recommendations have been implemented in the White Paper "redefined the

British policy. These successive White Papers systematically restricted

Jewish rights to the Land of Israel Mandate.

In twenty years from the date of preparation of the Conference of San Remo distorted Jewish rights

Legitimacy Land of Israel beyond imagination. Arguably, the responsibility

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British erosion of Jewish rights is bordered on the criminal, especially Saudi

World War II and the early years after the Holocaust.

Look at this sequence of "White Papers" clarifies that Britain had exceeded its authority

Legal Land of Israel. She acted as sovereign as she had only

Mandatory superpower authority, the faithful and guide. These powers were granted

First Britain by Allied major peace conference in San

Remo when delivered to Britain the Mandate for Israel, and Puerto writing

Mandate was subsequently approved by the League of Nations.

Unfortunately, the Permanent Mandates Commission, whose role is to oversee

Activities of the British Mandatory power, rarely responded

These actions would respond as required.

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In retrospect, one can only imagine how many Jews could have been saved from the horrors

British avoided the Holocaust while limiting Jewish immigration to Israel-Israel

Gross violation of mandatory obligations superpower.

Interim period of five years set in the White Paper named

McDonald ended in 0211. During the war, only 010,111

Jews came to Israel-Israel, both legally and in an "illegal") on the basis of

British rules (and thus did not fulfill even the cap of 21,000

Immigrants prescribed in that document.

The horror of the Holocaust and its scope is growing amongst many shortly after the war

World War II, but the British insisted on holding the immigration quota

Jewish determined - despite the huge number of Jews in Europe did not

They had nowhere to turn. Lack of flexibility made their opposition to the British

The attack of the Zionists. The blowing up of the King David Hotel in Jerusalem -

British Armed Forces Command - took place shortly before this time.

The private correspondence of Chaim Weizmann reveals that the British were willing to allow

The influx of 000,000 immigrants to Israel-Israel Jews and the repeal of

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MacDonald White Paper, but only if the Jews are dismantled its weapons.

In light of the continuing hostility of the Arabs, this condition is considered unacceptable on-

Zionists fearing the worst case of withdrawal of forces

British.

Following World War II, the British sought to get rid of

Their commitments under the mandate and seek assistance from other institutions,

Especially from the United States. Relying on the findings of the Commission of Inquiry Anglo

American, unanimously condemned the White Paper, demanding that the rise

Immediate 000,000 European Jews to Israel-Israel. However, Party

British Labour Party had just won an election, led by Prime Minister

Clement Attlee, rejected the American proposal on the grounds that the adoption will

Disturbing the peace and breaking everything-all battles. 7

A few months later was included in the program Morrison-Grady Anglo

American Offer a one-time increase of one hundred thousand Jews and the establishment

Federation in Eretz Israel, where the two semi-autonomous regions under

British control over a very limited area for Jews. Both the Arabs and the Jews

Rejected this plan, and President Truman later changed his mind, turned down

Morrison-Grady plan and demanded a "Jewish state viable some from Eretz

Israel suffice it ", despite fierce resistance from within, both from

Foreign and Defense Ministry Americans.

At the beginning of 0212 gave to the United Nations the issue of the Land of Israel,

And in November of the same year adopted. General Assembly Resolution on the distribution

, The Land of Israel. Violence increased between November 0212 and May 0212

And when it was announced the creation of Israel the Arabs started immediately

. Integrated military offensive. The War of Independence ended in 0212

Signed ceasefire agreements with most Arab countries combat.

However, to this day the Arabs reject Israel's right

To exist as a Jewish state.

Part 1

▪ The Ancient Israel

▪ The emergence of modern Zionism

▪ The Ottoman Empire

▪ The Balfour Declaration

▪ The "fourteen points" Wilson

▪ The Paris Peace Conference - 0101

▪ The basic covenant of the League of Nations

▪ The San Remo: milestone

▪ The San Remo and international law

▪ The Treaty of Franco-British Boundary

▪ The creation of Transjordan

▪ The Transjordan: legal and political questions

▪ The mandate for Israel

▪ The Anglo-American Convention

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Note: Some of the dates here do not claim to be accurate,

Especially the end of the previous dates during the reign of Solomon.

Regardless of the changing territorial boundaries

And the ups and downs of Jewish sovereignty sovereignty if

The Land of Israel for generations was a Jewish presence 0

Paved the Land of Israel more than three thousand years. Continuity

Historically it is not only remarkable in light waves

0 pogroms and persecution of genocide; Jewish infections

Undisputed Land of their ancestors is a phenomenon unique

Many historians amazing.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Hebrews repeats the story of the patriarch Abraham, about -0200 years BC,

When he emigrated to Israel in the Land of the Chaldeans promised. Below we will review the

Jewish history from the time of settlement in the country.

After the Exodus - probably occurred before 0790 BC, and probably 9

During the BC -01 century - the children of Israel crossed the Jordan River from

Middle and conquered the Promised Land under the command of Joshua 0

In about 0711 BC. The relative ease of occupation due

The weakness of Egypt - at that time the Philistines fought -

And the collapse of the Hittite Empire.

The country was divided between the twelve tribes of Israel, and judges) Bee,

Samson, Gideon and more (Turn the authority to maintain adherence to tribes

Each other. The tribes of Reuben, Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh settled east of the river

Jordan. Canaanites, Philistines 1 and hold ruled coastal strip of Gaza, Ashkelon

And Ashdod to Tel Aviv today, as well as the number of forts in the country

In. The Philistines began to use iron in those days, and armor

Brought the defeat of the children of Israel in the stone-guide.

Saul was crowned the first king of Israel in 0171 BCE. It

Continued the war against the Philistines, and fell in the battle of Gilboa space. The situation of

Children of Israel was critical to David, Saul's son-in, finally defeated the

Philistines. David crowned king of Israel around the year 0111 BC,

And during his reign expanded the territory of Israel 1 East by capturing red,

Moab and Ammon, and northward to beyond Damascus) dark gray area map

Above Central (. Philistines and Israel have raised taxes became a protectorate.

King David conquered Jerusalem and made it the capital of his kingdom, and strengthened

Israel's united monarchy. After his death in 161 BC,

His son Solomon came to the throne. 6 Solomon reigned forty years were column

Israel's golden period of relative peace. King Solomon developed the

Economy and art, drive Soldier, signed pacts with neighbors -

Phoenician - built in Jerusalem and the First Temple. 2

The death of Solomon in 177 BC led to increased tensions

The inner kingdom - split. Solomon's son, Rehoboam, became king

The southern part - Judah - while Jeroboam was crowned the northern part -

Israel. Kingdom of Israel was rich kingdom of Judah, but was also

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

More exposed to foreign cultural influences and less resistant to invasion

Outside. Schism in the kingdom of Solomon greatly weakened both parts.

Around the year 210 BC, conquered the king of Assyria, Tiglath-Pileser III, the

Northern Kingdom of Israel and its capital city, Samaria, was destroyed in 277

BC and its population was deported. "Ten Lost Tribes" origin

Assyrian invasion; 2 inhabitants of Israel were exiled, as stated, and new populations

Syria and Babylon were to settle the land. Only the southern kingdom of Judah

Remains as a sponsor, including - capital in Jerusalem and the Negev desert section

Is greatly reduced during the seventh century BC.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

At the end of the seventh century BC Assyrian empire disintegrated,

And the new Babylonian empire came to the area between the rivers Euphrates

And the Tigris.

2 Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon conquered Judea and suppressed the last Jewish revolt

In 685 BC, when Jerusalem fell and the temple was destroyed to the ground

On Tisha B'Av, an event that Jews bemoan him to this day in all

Around the world. Jeremiah tells of this incident: "Lamentations dimmed the gold!

Hate good spot! Spill Kadesh blocks all outdoor head! ") Lamentations D: (a.

Reading despair that arises from the Psalms) Klz: A (: "By the rivers of Babylon

There we sat, and wept, remembering Zion "Jewish exile in Babylon) Iraq

Today (was slated to last for sixty years.

During the Babylonian exile, moved the Reds on the eastern side of the Jordan River toward

West, into Judea was now populated door. This area was known then

Named Aidomiah. Despite the tragedy of exile, this period was rich in thought

And Jewish theological work, and some books of the Bible were written apparently

During this period) Kings, part of the Book of Isaiah attributable L"isaiho

The second ", and more (.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Babylonians conquered quickly by forces led by King Award Hacmnidit

Cyrus II, who supported the return of the Jews to their homeland, began in 831 BC.

Cyrus is praised biblical literature, and even called the "Messiah." King of Persia

Then, later, Darius I, continued the policy of his predecessor in 655

BC, and allowed to build in Jerusalem Zerubbabel the Second Temple. 21

The late sixth century BC) image shows a second home

After much later expanded by King Herod in

BCE (.

Under the award was a tiny province of Judah pressed the red) Aidomiah (

South Samaria in the north, and enjoy only limited autonomy. All provinces

These were controlled from Damascus, and the king Darius I kept the peace in the region, built

And developed new ways of trading. This tranquil period drew visitors

Greece, Hhlniztzih begin a process that would overcome the occupation of

Macedonia led by Alexander the Great in 335 BC 11.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

After the death of Alexander the Great), "The Great" (in 373 BC, the area

Conquered vast East for ten years) only! (Divided between two

His generals, who have each established a dynasty of his own; 07 after struggles

Among them, the Ptolemaic dynasty ruled over the kings of Egypt and the southern region of Anatolia

) Today Turkey (- Occupied blue map the upper left (while

Slabkoas dynasty ruled the vast area stretching from what today Afghanistan

To the Mediterranean) yellow area on the same map (including - the Land of Israel.

New national entities appeared during this period. Nabataean Arabs, mostly

Traders moved Numbers camels, founded their capital in Petra

) Today southern Jordan (while Syria would similarly Tudmor

(Palmyra (not far from Damascus. Seleucid government initiated a policy of

Hlniztzih, 09 and the region has prospered economically - which attracted a strong flow

Greeks.

Language, the philosophy and practices of the pagan Greeks spread throughout the region. Jews

Many Jews adopted Greek names and customs; Gymnasium was built in Jerusalem.

When he entered King Antiochus IV "Epiphanes" Jerusalem, robbed

Treasures and forbade Jewish practices. The priest Mattathias, to the Hasmonean,

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Open rebellion and his son Judah the "Maccabee", with the support of faithful Jews declared

Total war Antiochus and the Hellenist Syrians. Jerusalem was liberated

In 061 BC by Judah Maccabee, 01 cleansed the Temple

) Acts commemorated the annual Hanukkah celebration and lighting of candles - as

Above (.

Later Jerusalem again fell under it - the successor to the

Antiochus, but the temple is not defiled. But the Maccabees) Dynasty

Hasmoneans (continued war, and finally managed to Simon the Maccabee

Free Seleucid power in 010 BC. Area of

Jewish kingdom led by the Hasmonean kings expanded and contracted

And off at that point onwards. At its peak), led by the Hasmonean king,

Alexander Yanai (included kingdom part of the Negev, all of Judea, Samaria,

Almost all the shoreline, and a large area of ​​Transjordan. However,

The kingdom fell victim to internal strife between various religious groups

) The Pharisees and Sadducees (01 and Hellenistic Jews and the traditionalists

Their fathers.

When the Roman conquest led by Pompey in 01 63

BC, began to crumble area Hasmonean kingdom and the kingdom

Itself was subjected to severe internal disputes. Assisted by the Romans, was crowned

In 32 BC, Herod the Great) was born a non-Jew, but a Jew driver

And married a Jewish princess Hasmonean (the king of Judah, and eliminated his opponents

From the Hasmoneans. While governor under the watchful eyes of the Romans, is

Expanded the territory of his kingdom, retained full autonomy in internal affairs,

Renewed the face of the temple in Jerusalem, and led ably balance

Aspirations of different sections of the population - Jews and non-Jews, religious

And Hellenistic.

When Herod died in 1 BC, was divided between his sons. Period

This political and religious controversy, Jesus appeared (H) which most impressed

His followers. This led to a rift widens-and going Judaism and eventually

The emergence of Christianity in the world. During the reign of the last king of the dynasty

Herod - Agrippa II, who was against the Jews in his later years

Power - Restricted Area kingdom in the southern part of Syria, in the West,

Samaria and the rule of law Plains Roman commissioners. Agrippa II survived until

Ca. 000 AD, but the Jewish revolt erupted in 66 AD 06

Eventually led, in 21, the destruction of the Second Temple by

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Titus. Rebellion ended after the fall of Masada courage in 23

CE.

In 030 AD the second Jewish revolt was crushed, led by Bar Kochba,

The Hellenistic and Roman emperor Hadrian, who wanted to destroy the people's connection

Jew with his country. He became the city of Jerusalem a Roman colony and called

It "Aelia Capitolina", and the Land of Israel called "Palestine" - the name

Israel's enemies, the Philistines, the ancient, vanished from the stage of history centuries

Many years before. 02

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

For over a thousand two hundred years, the Jewish people were present Presence

Collective Land of Israel. Apart from the Babylonian exile brief) about 60 years (

02 Jerusalem was mostly Jewish hands throughout the entire period, without any

Contact borders sway of Israel and Judah different. Home

The Temple in Jerusalem was the center of Jewish national identity.

No power is not controlled in this country for a longer period. When

Romans destroyed the Second Temple in 20 AD, Titus step

A victory parade in Rome, when he presents the temple treasures plundered as

You can see the Arch of Titus, still stands at the entrance to the forum

Rome. Within the booty taken from the temple, the golden lamp-year-old looks

Menorah as she carried by a group of Jewish prisoners of war.

For the second longest period of exile, the Jewish community in

Dwell in the land now called "Palestine" and was under the control of

A series of foreign rulers: Romans, Byzantines, Persians Hssnidim, Arabs,

The Crusaders, Mamelukes and the Ottoman Turks. However, for all generations

These have not lost a moment Diaspora their connection to the land

By their fathers hope to return.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Emotional and spiritual connection to Israel-Israel this found expression both at the individual level) R.

Judah Halevi, in the twelfth century; Rabbi Joseph Caro, who joined the Jewish community

Safed existing middle of the sixteenth century (and collective level, through

Plan a few prominent Jews viewed the Jewish communities whether they are consistent

) Don Joseph Nasi, who founded the active support of the Turkish Sultan receiver

Sixteenth century Tiberias Jews, following the persecution of the Jews from Spain (.

Individual Jewish increases to Israel-Israel lasted until the nineteenth century, when entrepreneur Sir

Montefiore around 0210 proposals organized political Zionism,

And his example was followed Hess in 0267, Leo Pinsker in 0227) Author

The booklet "auto-emancipation" (and Lovers of Zion movement - which led initiatives

The establishment of new Jewish settlements in the Land of Israel during the Thirty Years'

Years of the nineteenth century, such as Rosh Pina, Petah Tikva, Rishon Lezion,

And Neve Tzedek. The return of the Jews to Israel-Israel also won the support of grades

Christian, like William Blackstone raised hundreds of prominent Americans regard

Zionist Following the severe pogroms that occurred in Russia and you went half

One million Jews from Russia in the late nineteenth century. At the beginning of the twentieth century

Lived in Eretz Israel tens of thousands of Jews.

Jewish people deprived of their national home for a period of more than one thousand eight

Centuries - until the international community recognized the historical connection

. Between the people and its land deep peace conference held in San Remo in 0270

Re-construction of the national home of the Jewish people then anchored trial

International Sacred loyalty of civilization ", in accordance with

Mandates System adopted by the League of Nations. In less than thirty

Year, on 01 May 0212, announced a renewed nation of the State

Modern Jewish Israel.

Danish symbol of Israel appears that a lamp in front

Temple, a double hexagon foundation. Could it be more appropriate symbol

National continuity ?!

However, like Hadrian's attempt to erase the Jewish connection

To Israel by the so called it "Palestine", so immersed in Arab Palestine

Israel's denial today that ridiculous facts regarding Jerusalem

Jewish.

Last case of "historical correction" took place in May 7002 -00, when the kadi

Muslim Palestinian Authority's chief, Sheikh Taysir al-Tamimi,

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Pope embarrassed when his presence vilely slandered, Notre Dame center

Jerusalem, Israel. 02 A few months later, he announced that

Tamimi: "Jerusalem is Arab and Islamic, and it has always been

So ... there is no evidence that Jews had contact or even presence

Jerusalem or that ever existed claimed their temple. "

How could it be any reconciliation between peoples, when distorted with malice

Such extreme historical facts?

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

02 Dreyfus affair shocked the political establishment of the Republic

France in the late third century -91. Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish captain

A young French army, was accused of illegally transferring military secrets to the Germans.

In 9911 he was convicted at the end of a show trial, motivated by

Growing anti-Semitism large sectors of French society; He edited

A military court in Military School) "Ecole Militiir" (in 9911 and is

Demoted, and sent to Devil's Island in French Guiana to please the prison

Sentence.

Soon the French company was divided between supporters and opponents of Dreyfus,

And the controversy sometimes bordered on violence. However, many cases of injustice

Clear legal immigrants also voices of saints was shaken. Famous

Among these was Emile Zola, well-known writer, was seething in the face of anti-Semitism

Of the outstanding French army, despite being a highly respected institution. Zola wrote

Article spicy bold titled "J'accuse!" 70, published in the daily

L'aoror at -09 January 0222, and was referred to the French President Felix Faure.

Hoping to mobilize public opinion in France, accused openly cheaper

Senior military officers, and suggested to the court to prosecute the removal

Defamation - as he is convinced that the truth side. Indeed, the French authorities claimed

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

It tried and condemned even 77 to one year in prison, but he escaped to England

And remained there until June 0222, when developments were already in favor of

Dreyfuss.

After the retrial ended in a conviction once again, Dreyfus wins in the end

In 0206 by the Supreme Court in France, and was awarded the

Honor. But it took 22 years before the French Defense Ministry admitted,

On 2 September 0221, that binds 'us army' against Dreyfus.

Theodor) Theodore (Herzl, an Austrian Jew 79, wrote a Viennese newspaper, was

To actually injustice, and was shocked to legal cases and sickle

Anti-Semitism arose in France, their homeland of human rights

The universality. His conclusion was the liberation of the Jews ") H"amnsiftzih" (

And equal status as citizens, officially anchored in French law, are not

But fiction. 71 He understood the need to establish a Jewish state, and published

. The Jewish state in 0226 71

Although preceded Herzl few visionaries - especially, Hess, author

The book "Rome and Jerusalem" - Guest book "The Jewish State" deep hearts

The Jews of Europe and led to the convening of the Congress in Basle first

On 72 August, 0222. The Zionist Organization was established - later, the World

Zionist Organization - and Herzl was elected president; And states that "the aim of Zionism

She found a home for the Jewish people in the Land of Israel whose existence is assured

Law. "76

At the beginning of the twentieth century, Jews were in a difficult situation as a result of

The growing anti-Semitism in Europe. In 0209 was held in Kishinev

) Moldova today (pogrom threat. These dire circumstances considered Herzl

The possibility of setting up in Uganda, with the support of the British, a temporary refuge for Jews.

However, the Seventh Zionist Congress in 0201 rejected the plan.

One event - the Dreyfus affair - affected unexpectedly on

Human history. Two people with courage and determination exceptions

The rule - Emile Zola, an ardent defender of truth, even against superior forces

Many, and Theodor Herzl, a visionary who was also a man of action

He understood the plight of European Jews and mobilize world Jewry

Build what is now the Jewish state of Israel.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Over three centuries, the Ottoman Turks expanded their purview 02

Tiny Asia Minor that contained the Middle East, the Balkans,

Some Central Europe and a wide swath of North Africa, until stalled

At the gates of Vienna in 9891. For 012 years, the Ottomans lost

All assets in Europe and North Africa.

When the First World War, when she joined the superpowers

Centre) Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria (circled Empire

Only Ottoman Asia Minor and what is known today in the Middle East

Syria, the Land of Israel, Mesopotamia and the western part of the Arabian Peninsula

So-called Hijaz 72) The area marked in red on the map above (.

Allies - particularly the United Kingdom, together with the contribution of the Jewish Brigade -

Defeated the Ottoman Turks during the war. British forces,

Under General Allenby entered Jerusalem in 0202, after four

Hundreds of years of Turkish control. 72

Interestingly, the fall of Jerusalem during Chanukah occurred in December 0202, and Force

The situation in the British issued a previous mark the fall of Jerusalem, when

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Seleucide defeated by Judah Maccabee, 7027 years before that -

Specified event to this day Hanukkah.

The legal machinery for the treatment of Turkey's Middle East assets

Paris Peace Conference was established in January 0202, and distribution

These areas of practical peace conference set

. Having met in April 0270 in San Remo

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Chaim Weizmann and Winston Churchill first met in 2218. During the

First World War, Churchill, played the role of those days

First Lord of the Admiralty, Minister of the Navy, commissioned Weizmann develop

Atz'ton process to produce large scale, so that it will be used for manufacturing

Navy explosives. Weizmann succeeded in his mission this, and since the two men had a close relationship.

However, no consideration was decided in motion thanks to British support

Zionist Eretz Israel.

In 0202, the British sought to keep Russia Alongside cost

States in the war and increase the US war effort. Jews -

Even those who lived in Russia and those living in the US - supported the move

Zionist. Britain sought to attract the Jewish side by Application

A positive policy towards Zionism, hoping that the Jews could affect

The policies of these two powers, especially when the Germans also tried

In 0202 to enlist Jewish support by adopting a positive attitude towards

Zionist program. On 7 November 0202, published by Lord Arthur James

Balfour, the British Foreign Secretary, the Balfour Declaration, 90 unequivocal expression

British support at the national Land of Israel for the Jewish people ", as filed

The first Zionist Congress in Basel in 0222 26. Please note that Balfour

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

And Churchill, as well as Prime Minister Lloyd George, personally sympathized with the program

Zionist.

The Balfour Declaration was merely a memorandum of intent reflecting the policy

British in those days. Less than three years after its publication, it has become

Document of international law, when its provisions are adopted at the

Peace convened in San Remo) on April 0270 (and became part of its obligations

Of the United Kingdom. Later these provisions enshrined in the mandate for the Land of Israel

July) 0277 (. In this respect, the Balfour Declaration is a key document supporting

Re-birth of Israel in the Land of Israel. However, opponents

Zionism rushed to satisfy their interpretation of the document and pointed to three

The following points:

• The statement referred to not as a Jewish state ", but the House homeland

Jewish ";

• The concept of "Eretz Israel" is not identical to the concept of "all the land of Israel";

• The term "non-Jewish communities in the Land of Israel," referring to the Arab people.

Misunderstandings and these plantations are unfounded and refuted most of them:

• The explicit term "state" Zionist drafters did not use the

No statement in 0202 explicitly used the term "state" in order to avoid

Stir the anger of the British government. However, there was no foundation

Their concern is, no record of cabinet meetings which brought Balfour

Subject show that the British actually envisioned a Jewish state at the moment

You reach the Jewish population of the Land of Israel to a reasonable level. Even

French shared this understanding. Moreover, the mere use of the word

"National" reveals the true intention. Following a number of White Papers

British) specifically, the White Paper since 0292, named

McDonald's (and the erosion of the rights of Jews in the Land of Israel, the Zionists adopted

Finally, the Biltmore Program 90 May 0217, when the clear intent Ein

Every establishment of a sovereign Jewish state in the Land of Israel.

• The phrase "Land of Israel") in Palestine (Palestine has always been understood, that '

Israel "and not just part of it. It was being confirmed many cases

When my country Israel "appears in the official version of the Mandate for Israel,

Cases that do not leave any doubt about the integrity of the territory, especially

Article 1 Mandate: "No area of ​​the Land of Israel will not be released ...

Any foreign power. "

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

• The French gave one of their concerns was the welfare of the expression

Christian communities living in the Land of Israel) Catholics, Maronites,

Coptic, Anglican, Orthodox and others (. These communities and

Muslim communities refers to the Balfour Declaration, and the Arabs as

"With". This becomes clear when you consider that the rights in question are

Individual rights, not collective could be such as to provide the Seller

Arab people, over-yes, San Remo resolution in 10) April

0270 (its French style reminiscent of the "religious communities

Variance ") les différentes communautés religieuses.)

Furthermore, in order to curb any anti-Jewish movement in Europe or even

Possible charges of dual loyalty) as suggested anti-Zionist Jews

Some (the Balfour Declaration included a directive to protect the "rights and status

Political Jews enjoy them in any other country ".

Despite the explicit wording, were the first British reinterpret

For them the Balfour Declaration to the detriment of the Jewish people, from the White Paper

Named after Churchill published in 0277 - a White Paper has reduced the

The territory of the Land of Israel and later led to the establishment of Trans

Jordan - to the White Paper named McDonald) 0292 (which almost rejected

Fully the rights of the Jewish people was the British mole conservative.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Even though many members of the Republican Party belittled him for

His stubborn pacifism and due to social policies, remains President Woodrow

Wilson among the most respected American politicians. His idealism

And his pursuit of peace prevented him from joining the war effort of the girls

States in April 0202, many German provocation. At the end of

War, he became a prominent architect of Peacemaking Versailles. Orientation

Not to compromise meant that the United States did not join the League of Nations,

Wilson helped constructing the road, but he expressed his worldview after

World War speech "fourteen points" in his 97, which bore

Before a joint session of both houses of Congress on January 2, 0202. While

Britain and France refused to accept some of these points in the final formulation of

Versailles peace treaty signed with Germany, but Wilson's speech left

An indelible impression on many peoples and national aspirations.

These principles of Wilson were based on the release of peoples, a just settlement of

Admissibility and the establishment of the League of Nations.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Point 0: Wilson demanded "Peace Art Postcards" European powers

Oppose them. During the First World War and even before the wording Number

Secret agreements, such as the Sykes-Picot Agreement of 0206 99 divided the Middle

Tertiary British and French control, Russian participation. Later

More tried to Italy to join this program under an agreement Jean de Moraine -

Never implemented. These arrangements, promoted by European countries,

Came to perpetuate the policies of imperialist ambitions

The main colonial - and these perceptions that Wilson to end.

Point 0: emphasizing the "interests of the populations

Involvement "in resolving territorial questions arising from the results of War

World, promoted by President Wilson to the new mandate system - designed

In the first place by the South African statesman Jan Smuts Christian 91

And is expressed later in Article 77 of the Basic alliance's 10 member

Nations - and breathed hope into the sails of the Zionists, the no-state solution

Others, such as the Kurds and Armenians. Usually refer to this point

Using the term "self-determination of nations", an idea based - although

Either explicitly - the right of certain populations on the historical lands.

Point 01: Wilson's vision concerning "general association of nations" Translated

The actual establishment of the League of Nations 91 years later, we're certifying body of

Mandate system. The US never joined the League of Nations.

Those three points was particularly influential on the fate

Zionism and the renewal of the Jewish nation in the Land of Israel

Led this movement.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

A few days before the opening of the Paris Peace Conference, signed 96 lives

Weizmann) Head of Delegation to Israel-Israel Zionist (and Emir Faisal) named

His father, Sheriff Hussein ibn Ali, the King of Hijaz (the Agreement promised 92

Cooperation between the Arabs and the Zionists and the mass immigration of Jews to the Land

Israel. Emir Faisal gave his consent to the Balfour Declaration, however, at the bottom

Written agreement added a handwritten note linking the observance of the agreement

The establishment of an Arab state on the territory former Turkish territories

Region, as promised earlier by the British correspondence between Hussein

And McMahon. 92

More than thirty countries will be presented at the peace conference in Paris, but the stage

Central was seen by the US, Britain and France. Opening Conference

Peace on 02 January 0202 was an exciting moment. Four empires collapsed

During the previous four years - the German Empire, the Empire

Austro-Hungarian Empire, Czarist Russia and the Ottoman Empire - and the mission

Gathered at the conference was re-shape the map of Europe, the Middle

East and some parts of colonial Africa.

This goal was achieved ultimately through a series of art:

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

• The Treaty of Versailles, 72 June 0202, reduced the German Empire

Weimar Republic's borders;

• The Treaty of Saint-Germain, 00 September 0202, the Austrian cared about;

• The Convention Neville, 72 November 0202, established the status of Bulgaria,

Which was given earlier Turkish domination;

• The Treaty of Trianon, June 1, 0270, Hungary recognized as a sovereign state;

• The 00 August 0270, following the San Remo Peace Conference, the Treaty of Sevres, 92

Has defined the status of previously-held territories so by

Turks in the Middle East. However, the new Turkish leader, Kemal

Attorc, refused to ratify the treaty, which passed and repairs

And was reformulated Treaty of Lausanne of July 71 0279. The trouble is, as stated

Above, when the Lausanne Treaty was signed and there was no need to refer

The status of the land of Israel because the mandate for the Land of Israel has been approved

By the League of Nations.

Paris Peace Conference was the first topic on the agenda

Paris Peace Conference was the first topic on the agenda Creating a friend

11 nationalities) according to the recommendations of President Wilson's Fourteen Points "

(And the Soviet drafting its foundation 10.

On 90 January 0202, Turkey has lost its sovereignty - in fact, if not

In theory - the carpet of the Middle East, sovereignty transferred to countries

Allied towards more care in those areas subject to the system

Mandates newly formed, according to the decision Smuts, 17 prior

Article 77 of the basic covenant of the League of Nations. The expectation of decision

Smuts was that the Land of Israel - before drawing its borders - will be

The national home of the Jewish people.

Note: The question of the date of the legal loss of the Turkish sovereignty

Turkish territories in the Middle East scholars are divided in their opinions:

Attorney Howard Grief 19 claims with conviction, that the decision about abortion

As early as 90 January 0202 Paris Peace Conference, because that the Soviet

The foundation of the League of Nations relates to the interpretation of the Community variance

Once belonged to the Ottoman Empire, "and that the Soviet element -

In particular, Article 77 which - was included in the Treaty of Versailles binding document

Of international law.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Has the same opinion was Dr. Bernard Joseph, Attorney of

The Jewish Agency for Israel Mandate and author of the book

British Rule in Palestine) British government in Israel,

.) Public Affairs Press, 0212

Among the different opinions will be noted also the opinion of Dr. Jacques Gaotiih, 11

Turkey believes deprived of sovereignty at the San Remo Conference and mind

Arnold D. McNair, who believes took place in "Space sovereignty" over

The period before the allocation of seats to the Treaty of Lausanne), 0279 (when

Turkey officially renounced its territory in the Middle East) Cambridge Law Journal, Volume III.), 0272, No. 7

Emir Faisal was disappointed construction of the mandate system, because the system does not

Immediately the type provided the United Arab state he dreamed, and is

Abandoned his responsibilities towards the Weizmann. 92 years later, when countries

Arab Middle East have gained independence, Weizmann argued with reservations formulated

Emir Feisal she had no longer justified.

The Zionists have submitted their demands at the beginning of February 0202 Peace Conference

Paris) The document was submitted by Lord Rothschild, Nahum Skolob and life

Weitzman (when the important articles which were: 11

• The recognition of the historical Tied "of the Jewish people to Israel-Israel: This is

The basic principle of the legal rights of Jews to the Land of Israel,

And is repeated in all subsequent documents: The San Remo

And mandate for Israel.

• The recognition of the right to "re-establish" the Jewish national home in the Land

Israel, a right derived from the first principle.

• The League of Nations sovereignty over the Land of Israel to be deposited by the British Mandate

Govern the land of Israel.

• The grade boundaries of Eretz Israel) including the eastern bank of the Jordan River

Until the railroad track "Hijaz") led the country from north to Damascus

South (. These limits more or less matched the area of ​​the Kingdom of Israel

Old, "from Dan to Barsba", as reiterated many times Prime

Britain, David Lloyd George) See the red line on the map above (.

However, when approved mandate for Israel in July 0277, ahead of

British and insert the text of the mandate Article 70 - "reject or

Stop "the Jewish settlement east of the Jordan River. September

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

0277 League of Nations Council approved a memorandum of much reduced British

The Israel Land area of ​​East by separation

Temporary administrative area called "Transjordan".

The letter referred to Felix Frankfurter, president of the Zionist Organization

America, wrote to Prince Faisal:

"The Arabs, especially the educated among us, seeing deepest sympathy

The Zionist movement. Our delegation here in Paris is very familiar

Proposals submitted yesterday by the Zionist Organization Conference

Peace, and we treat them as moderate and proper "

On the basis of previous assurances given by the victorious Allies

War, Arabs, represented by the Emir Feisal, demanded independence -

As part Konfdrtibit - all Arab countries in Asia, but Faisal denied

Territorial demands could not contain the Land of Israel. To figure out

The better the true situation in the Middle East, initiated by President Wilson first

The establishment of an international commission of inquiry eventually became

American committee, and King Commission Crane. 16 members of the committee visited the area in

0202. Her findings have not been published officially appeared in the media only after three

Years after the adoption of the Lodge-Fish Resolution 12 pro-Zionist by Congress

US. Commission King Crane opposed the establishment of a Jewish homeland in the Land

Israel - a position rejected by the Commission's advisers years - but the President

Wilson supported the borders proposed by Weizmann and Sokolow and continued to encourage

Active in the Zionist program.

The British response, on the other hand, the Zionist proposals was mixed, even though

The most senior representatives - Lloyd George and Lord James Balfour Former -

Sided with them. The French, however, strongly opposed the northern boundary lines.

Paris Peace Conference, was not received any official decision regarding

Demands submitted by the Zionist delegation, most representatives of the Allies

"Treated them sympathetically" In general, according to Chaim Weizmann. Although

Proposed boundaries encountered considerable resistance in some cases,

Demands were finally accepted and became recognized rights under international law

A year later at the San Remo. Aafi"c, shortly after the conference in San Remo,

Growing Arab opposition and British duplicity rights Play

These step by step.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

. Basic alliance of the League of Nations 10 included in the Treaty of Versailles in June 0202

Soviet adopted a number of amendments at later dates - until 0271

- But none of them was related to Article 77 (see below). In addition to

Setting organization and working procedures of the member, twenty-six articles of States

Focus on peace and relationships of respect "between nations; The supremacy of law

International) accompanied by the establishment of a permanent Court of International Justice (and the respect for

Obligations enshrined in.

Article 77 explicitly discussed using newly formulated mandates, in order to

Promote the "safety and developing" nations "who can not stand still

On their own. "This goal was considered important enough to feature" loyalty

Sacred civilization ", and accompanied her commitment on the part of" peoples

Advanced ", acting on behalf of C"matzmot mandatory League."

It was expected that after the "mentoring" of nations will be able to beneficiaries mandate

Get to self-determination, as envisioned Fourteen Points "of

President Wilson.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Article 77 defines three types of mandates, as everything depends on the stage of development

Of the population in question. These three types are generally referred

'Grade A "," Type B "A kind C."

Class A mandates were issued for those areas that were considered developed if

Allow their populations to manage their own affairs within a short time.

These areas included the areas of the Ottoman Empire in the Middle East in the past.

Three seats of this type have been formulated by the Principal Allied countries:

Mesopotamia and the Land of Israel) given to the UK (and Syria) provided

France (. However, the mandate for Israel is considered to be one of a kind) sui generis)

For reasons Slfirotn See note below.

Class B mandates were given for the less developed areas in central Africa.

Six seats of this kind were given to Belgium) on what the end of a long process

Crystallized countries Rooandh and Burundi (UK) stage that today Tanzania (and

A combination of British and French mandates parts of Cameroon and Togo) Togo today

And Benin (.

C-type seats were set aside for smaller areas, remote and sparsely population

South-West Africa and the South Pacific Islands. These areas

Were to "operate under the laws of the mandatory Power, parts

Integral territory ", the condition will preserve the interests of the population

Hmkomitl. Five seats of this kind were given to Japan) on certain islands

Pacific (South Africa) in what is now Namibia (, Australia

) On New Guinea (and New Zealand) on Western Samoa (.

Mandate system was supposed to address the Armenians and the Kurds. However,

Later developments such as the rise to power of Kemal Ataturk

Turkey and the political interests of France and Britain, held back the process

Realization of national aspirations of these peoples.

Note: It is often said, that since the mandate for the Land of Israel is a mandate

Type A, applies to what is said in Article 77 of the Basic alliance

League of Nations: "the desire of these communities must be a central consideration

The selection of the Mandatory power. "Opponents of Israel

Say, the will of "the indigenous Arab population" of Palestine

Israel had to overcome, so the Zionist plan was Blti-

Illegal and constituted a violation of the basic alliance of the member.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

This interpretation does not stand up to close scrutiny. This is because Article 77

States: "In any event mandatory, the Mandatory file

Council an annual report with reference to the care provided. " Powers

San Remo agreement adopted the Balfour Declaration, and the result - Mandate

The Land of Israel - was approved by 17 of the League of Nations. Member

League of Nations Permanent Mandates Commission were fully aware of the nature

Special Mandate for Israel. It is absurd to claim that a friend

Nations, knowingly and willingly violated the basic alliance itself. What

Really obtained by the Mandate for Israel was the Sabbath

Jewish native country - which it was expelled and exiled hundreds

Many years. The League of Nations had achieved this result citing a "connection

The Jewish people's historical immigrated to Israel and the basis for rehabilitation of the

National home in this country, "as the Preamble explicitly

Mandate for Israel. Moreover, the intention of the drafters of the mandate

Eretz Israel is revealed above all precisely Sevres Treaty Article 21

) See Note 39).

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

The conference opened on 02 April 0270 Dbcan villa, in the resort town

San Remo on the Italian Riviera, under the auspices of the Supreme Council of

Principal Allied Powers) victors of World War II

First (. The last two days) and 71 April 71 (has been dedicated to the treatment

Former Turkish territories in the Middle East. 12

Peace Conference in San Remo 12 and 10 the final decision adopted by the superpowers

April 71 agreement are essential elements in understanding the political situation

The contemporary Middle East. 10

For the first time more than 0200 years was known geographical area

C"flstin "since Roman times legal entity. Although the boundaries

"Palestine" is not defined precisely in San Remo, the dominant intention was to bring

Them as much as possible the biblical borders of the kingdoms of Judah and Israel

Prejudices. In this context, gave British Prime Minister David Lloyd

George, the phrase "from Dan to Beersheba", a phrase that appeared most documents

Different.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Eliminated all previous agreements among the major powers on the treatment

Former Turkish territories in the Middle East - particularly noteworthy in this context

He Sykes-Picot Agreement 99 from 0206 between France and Britain - and replaced

The San Remo directives, 10 are based on the mandate system in accordance with

Article 77 of the Basic Testament League. 10 "openness" This new

International Relations won Honorable mention Fourteen Points "

President Wilson.

The San Remo by repeating the words of the Balfour Declaration of November 0202 -

Which until then was merely expressing the foreign policy of the United Kingdom,

Although several other countries have expressed their support for it - and strengthened

Tongue, and that I attached to Article 77 of the Basic alliance member

League, The San Remo - adopted by the Entente

Main - the Balfour Declaration became international law document.

He won a national home of the Jewish people, to be set up anew in the Land

Israel, international recognition, and this principle was the central element of the Mandate

The Land of Israel that can be used as a power Britain to mandatory.

, Based on the concept of 'self-determination' promoted by President Wilson in 0202

Won the legal sovereignty of the Jewish people to the Land of Israel, based on the relationship

His historic to Israel, despite this sovereignty could not be realized for all

Mandate period. These legal rights to the land of Israel were special people

Jewish national reforms made within the framework of mandate system. United Kingdom

Took on a triple role: (a mandatory superpower, achieve

The establishment of a Jewish national home in conditions of political, administrative

And economic merit; (B trustee, to preserve the whole land in trust for the people

Jewish; And (c counselor, guide the Jewish people towards independence

Through institutions of self-government. Legal sovereignty over the Land of Israel

Thus, the Allies moved - after the denial of the rights of Turkey

Paris Peace Conference a year earlier - the Jewish people.

Transfer of ownership and sovereignty over the Land of Israel and the Jewish people can not be

Cancel. No action on the part of the League of Nations or the United Nations

Nations - the organization who had succeeded boyfriend in 0211 - no

Could alter this decision. In this context, reflect on the legality of

Resolution 020 of the UN General Assembly), "Partition Plan"

November 0212 (which sought to reduce decisive extent the rights

Territoriality of the Jewish people in the Land of Israel.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

The San Remo is included in the Treaty of Sevres of August 17, 0270. Despite signing

This Convention by representatives of the Turkish Sultan, she never ratified by

The new Turkish government headed by Kamal Attorc. Later

Replaced the Treaty of Sevres Treaty of Lausanne), 0279 (but the provisions of the San

Remo binding under international law. Interest in the Land of Israel sits

Prior to 0279 when the approved mandate for Israel July) 0277 (and therefore not

Mentioned in the Treaty of Lausanne. Furthermore, therefore, never put Kemal Ataturk,

The new Turkish leader, any claim relating to areas in the Middle East

Which were once part of the Ottoman Empire, because all concerned was subject

Maintaining the territorial integrity of Anatolia), Asia Minor (and space

Turkey in Europe.

At the same time the Jewish national rights in the Land of Israel gave the San

Remo equal national rights of Arabs, 19 are in Syria) Subject mandate

French, which included Lebanon (and Mesopotamia) Today, Iraq, subject

British mandate (in addition to the Arab state had already existed in some

West of the Arabian Peninsula.

Beyond that the decision of San Remo Peace Conference aspirations fulfilled

Jewish national) Zionism (the conference also marked the end of the

The longest period of colonization in history. While Powers

Foreign extending the period of their colonization in Africa, Asia and two

Americas for a period of not more than 100 years, the Land of Israel was

Pickled and given a series of colonization by foreign powers for more

From 0200 years - the Romans, Byzantines, Persians Hssnidim, Arabs,

The Crusaders, Mamelukes and Turks. One might expect that the release of this has

Song Glory colonization will actually radial "progress" that act

Traditionally against all forms of imperialism.

You can also load, the San Remo marked the liberation of the Jewish minority

The oldest in the Land of Israel under Islamic control - with Jewish immigrants

Who fled or were expelled later from Arab and Muslim countries - the burden of government

Dhimmitude 11 imposed on them the status of second-class citizens in Muslim countries.

Unilateral violation of this regime Dhimmitude) claim it legal contract

Requiring non-Muslim populations, as determined by the caliph

Omar in the seventh century AD, in accordance write the Koran, Surah "Al

Taube "; 2:72 (sometimes mentioned as an explanation for the ongoing Islamic hostility

Toward Israel.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Due to reservations of Italy - whose economic interests

Its special in southwest Anatolia) Turkish province of Antalya (

Still not settled to the satisfaction - and the insistence of the US

Approve the draft Mandate prior approval by the Board

The League of Nations, it took a further two years until the mandate approved

Land of Israel since the date of its submission to the Council in December 0270 by

Lord Balfour. This unfortunate delay in opening a long series of violations

San Remo principles set out - to the detriment of the Jewish people.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

This diagram summarizes the relationship between the decision and San Remo

International law 10

Paris Peace Conference convened at the initiative of the Supreme Council of

Principal Allied Powers, created the League of Nations, on the basis of wishes

President Wilson. Basic alliance of the League of Nations included the method

Section 77 mandates, thus reflecting the principle of 'self-determination'

President Wilson sought to promote the Four ten points in his.

Peace Conference held in San Remo, the method used to mandates

Redraw the map of the Middle East, which until then ruled by the Turks

The Ottomans. The San Remo Resolution 10, adopted on 71 April 0270 by

The Supreme Council of the Principal Allied Powers, given binding force

Balfour Declaration - which until then was only an expression of British policy

- And drowned in an international seal of approval. The San Remo Resolution gave the people

Jewish sovereignty over the Land of Israel, and the Arabs she gave rights

Syria and Mesopotamia parallel. 53 must therefore recognize that legitimacy

Of today's Arab states - Syria, Iraq and Lebanon) created

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

As part of the French Mandate of Syria (derived from the same source sentence

International re-established Jewish nation in the Land of Israel.

In July 0277, two years after the San Remo decision on the mandate approved

Land of Israel by the Council of the League of Nations, and later approved unanimously on-

17 Member States by the League of Nations.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

After giving mandates to Britain and France in the Peace Conference held in San

Remo in April 0270, it was necessary to determine the boundaries, especially between Palestine

Israel, under the British Mandate and the French Mandate in Syria subordinate.

A year earlier, the Paris Peace Conference convened, the borders of Eretz Israel

Proposed by the Zionists was accepted by the Emir Feisal, President

Hamirkni Woodrow Wilson, the officials of the French and British administration. Everyone

Agreed in principle to the formula "from Dan to Beersheba", which reflected the extent

Historical land of Israel - more or less according to the red line on the map

Including on the right.

However, shortly afterwards, back in the new French government

Led by Alexander Milrnd undertaking of Georges Clemenceau and insisted

Live the Sykes-Picot Agreement had 99 since 0206 expire; they

Demanded the area south of the Litani River), now in southern Lebanon (and the

Sources of the Jordan River on Mount Hermon. We should note that the Sykes-Picot dead

Death kiss after several were combined ten points 'Four' of the President

Wilson) in particular, points 0 and 01 (the Treaty of Versailles, 11 and The San Remo

Gave the mandate to the UK and France.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Parties negotiated for several months until they reached the borders Convention

French-British, 16 finally signed in December 0270, and although it

Should have to be submitted to the Council of the League of Nations, as provided for in Article

02 Treaty of Versailles, assumed that it was actually confirmed by the Council when

OK mandate for Israel in July 0277. Northern borders of Palestine

Israel, as set out in the Convention, crossed the Sea of ​​Galilee and limited the part

Palestine Golan Heights in the northwestern part) blue line on the map (.

The Convention ordered highlight in detail the border area itself, a task

Which was to be made by a committee marking the border. 12 The final report

The Commission was submitted in February 0277, and introduced a Newcomb-Paula) line

Green on the map above (: Remove the entire Golan Heights from Israel and the mandate included

Syria, and the entire Kinneret included in the Land of Israel, even though the beach

North of the lake was only a few yards from the Syrian border. Line Niokom-

Paula deviated significantly from the provisions of the Convention, although Article 7

Convention clearly guided the Commission "to mark the border area

Provided for in Article 0 of the surface area of ​​the French Mandate Mandate

British. "

Regardless of the changes that took place on the northern border of the Land of Israel,

The eastern boundary remains unchanged the Franco-British,

And the term "Transjordan" does not appear at all. Hall, the long delay between

Mandate submission of the draft Council in December 0270 and the official approval

A mandate for Israel acted against them in July 0277 of ambition

Territorial Zionists.

This delay a seven-twelve months derived entirely from outsiders: Italy

Suspended the granting of consent to the settlement demands southwest Anatolia;

US delayed the vote of consent mandate to ensure equal rights between

Other foreign citizens), the United States was not a League of Nations (;

There were also a number of internal procedural factors contributed to the delay in the League of Nations.

In any case, the delay could be the temporary separation of administrative and Transjordan 12

By the British in 0270, a move approved by the Council in September boyfriend

0277. Furthermore Therefore, this unexpected delay could be British to give up

In the northwestern part of the Golan Heights to the French Mandate over Syria

Border demarcation agreement) ratified in March 0279 (. Two one-decisions

These side raise a number of complex questions about their legitimacy,

As discussed briefly below:

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Although not formally adopted, the draft mandate last December 0270

Considered a crucial document regarding the rights and obligations of the United Kingdom,

OPERATION as the mandatory Power in the Land of Israel. Determining the boundaries of Palestine

Israel was the sole responsibility of the four Allied Powers

First, the decision explicitly written as Sanremo, the Treaty of Sèvres 92

And the first paragraph of the preamble to the Mandate for Israel. 12 mandate forbade

To provide an area of ​​the Land of Israel to any foreign entity) Section 1 (and is held every change

Must obtain the consent of the Council of the League of Nations) Section 72 (. However,

The changes led to the commission marking the border in 0277, approved in 0279, accounted for

Violation of these provisions because the mandate of the Council for final approval can only

In 0291, at the request of the United Kingdom.

In any case, the Franco-British, together with

The San Remo Resolution and the Mandate for Israel, are the documents

Crucial international law, governing the rights of the people

Jews to the Land of Israel, as mentioned earlier-so the Balfour Declaration.

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) Aklzm "i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Note: Even though the administrative and temporary disconnection of Transjordan

Eretz Israel officially endorsed by the Council of the League of Nations

In September 0277, a sequence of events that led to this disconnect started

Already in 0270, as can be seen in the table above:

General Syrian Congress, which was founded after the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, was

Imbued with nationalistic feelings. Congress opposed our intervention in foreign countries

Arab affairs. Although the League of Nations approved the mandate system,

One of the goals was to give legitimacy to Arab News -

Syria and Mesopotamia - General Syrian Congress adopted the Declaration of Damascus

Unilateral independence under the leadership of Faisal 60, called the king of Syria, including the

Areas of Syria, Lebanon and the Land of Israel) and Transjordan at all these (. Statement

Syrian independence by the Congress purported to put an end to the military occupation

Syria also rejected the initiative Jewish national home in Israel.

This decision was considered illegal even by the United Kingdom and by France,

That military efforts during the First World War are liberated

The Arab lands of Ottoman rule, when the aid was submitted by

The Arabs was minimal. Entente also rejected the peace conference in San

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) Aklzm "i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Remo the General Syrian Congress resolution. The French particularly angry

Congress' decision, against which the mandate received on Syria, and initiated action

Military, under the command of General Gouraud, which led to his expulsion and exile of Faisal

Provisional UK.

Abdullah, Faisal's brother Amir Hijaz, recruited a small army of 7,000

Approximately warriors, and decided to walk north from Mecca to fight against the French

Syria and avenge the expulsion of the Hashemite family. The French and

The British were well aware that Abdullah's move was only

Action appearances, but Churchill, the Colonial Secretary, decided to appease

Hashemite family and allowed Abdullah to continue his journey northward. Within

Abdullah arrived a few months Amman) March 0270 (after overtaken

In fact the entire area between the Dead Sea and the Jordan Valley and the railroad

Hejaz from country to Damascus.

The eastern boundary of this area appears in red on the map above, approximately,

But it also included an address area. This line marked the eastern boundary of Palestine

Mandatory Israel, as proposed by Chaim Weizmann peace conference convened

In Paris in 0202, and in accordance with individual agreements with the British authorities.

However, the Cairo conference organized by Churchill on 02 March 0270, the British claimed

The words "civil and religious rights" that appear in the Balfour Declaration justified

The separation of the "East Palestine"), ie, the Land of Israel east of the river

Jordan (Jewish national home located B"flstinh Bank. "Commentary

It's wrong, "the civil and religious rights") who was not intentional 'Win

Political collectivity "(later omitted and replaced by another lame justification

Founded on a (commitment McMahon 60 October 0201 What 71 b (

Relying on the phrase "land of Israel" appears in the Balfour Declaration; Og (

"Existing local conditions" Transjordan, a phrase inserted Article

71 of the Mandate without precisely defined.

At this point he returned to England and was Faisal Mesopotamia area, where crowned

King of Iraq ".

Prime Minister Lloyd George never liked the idea that the family

Hashemite) Abdullah of Transjordan, and Faisal Mesopotamia (will dominate the field

Bordering the French mandate over Syria. Another conference was convened a few days later

Some Jerusalem, where Abdullah promised not to attack French

Syria in return for the establishment of "district" Transjordan as part of the British Mandate

Land of Israel.

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) Aklzm "i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

It could be argued that if the British would firmly against Abdullah as they

French to Faisal, the current situation was different in the Middle East

Completely. However, have a look at the activities of the United Kingdom in 0270 in light

Previous agreements made with Arab Hhasmiim by TE Lawrence 67

) Lawrence of Arabia (Sir Henry McMahon.

Over the next two San Remo Peace Conference to approve the mandate

The Land of Israel, there were three different factors - developments

Political, Arab nationalism and British appeasement policy

Who came to defend their strategic interests in East

East - erode the rights recognized in the international recognition of

The Jewish people in the Land of Israel. However, the rights of Jews

L"flstinh Bank "is not trampled. Not yet ...

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

From a purely legal perspective, there is no doubt that the policy in effect

British Middle East during the critical years 0270-0277 violation

Often the number of signed agreements:

• The San Remo Resolution 50 did not include exact indication of the boundaries of the Land of Israel, but

It was understood that it bases the "national home for the Jewish people in the area extending

From north to south Dan to Beersheba ", as Lloyd George and others stressed

Again and again, from west to east on the two banks of the Jordan River.

• The Treaty of Sevres of August 31, 0270 and adopted the document was considered crucial for the

Agreement on the status of the former Ottoman Empire territories East

East. Article 21 of the Convention clearly defines the objectives mandated

Eretz Israel: the establishment of a Jewish national home. This section is intended specifically Land

Israel, in contrast to the other two seats), Syria and Mesopotamia (,

Discussed separately. The fact that not ratified the Treaty of Sevres and was replaced late

Convention, the ear does not change the intent of the international community

The period between 0270 to 0277 regarding to Israel-Israel.

• The Treaty of Franco-British Boundary 63, whose role was to mark the

The boundaries between British and French Mandates does not imply state

Another Arab to be built east of the Land of Israel.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

• The number of drafts of the Mandate were exchanged between the British and the Zionists from 0202

By the end of 0270. Draft Mandate Palestine did not watch last

Israel restricted the west of the Jordan River with "Arab Region" separate.

However, during the discussion in the lower house of the British Parliament 61 June 0270, permanent

Churchill focus on British policy towards reconciliation and friendship also

Turks and Arabs. "Afterwards renovated Churchill's draft mandate

December 0270 to include a clause could be the division of the Land of Israel, and demanded that

S"timna or will be delayed "mass Jewish settlement in the area east

Jordan River, without setting a time frame for the delay. This provision of the Mandate

British policy became official when Churchill published the book

White bears his name in June 0177, and Article 71 was inserted into the final draft of the

Mandate for Israel, as a month later approved by the Council of

The League of Nations. The justification for these measures was given to "local conditions

Existing "seemingly never detailed or explained. In practice, driving measures

Such was the desire to appease the Arabs) for the purposes of strategies (and avoid

Arab reprisals against the French that were liable to jeopardize the balance France

United Kingdom.

After approval of the mandate for Israel in July 0277, the British established

"Temporary administration in Transjordan." Curiously, this decision was approved by the Council

League, despite breaching the spirit of the mandate, as set out in paragraphs 7

And 1 in 0272 gave Britain an agreement Transjordan 61 Legislative Powers

Abdullah of Transjordan, and it went towards the creation of an Arab state

New independent. It was born in the end of May 0216, under the sovereignty

Hashemite, after the British expanded the territory under the authority of the

Abdullah East by adding 60,000 square kilometers to the border with Iraq.

These British decision - received between April 0270, when the appointed decision

San Remo the United Kingdom to be used as a power Mandate in Eretz Israel, from July

0277, as approved mandate for Israel by the Council of the League of Nations -

° an important legal question: Is United Kingdom was authorized to transfer

Third party) Abdullah (the powers received Allies

Chief of the First World War, the powers of the Mandatory power,

The faithful and instructor of the Land of Israel to set up home

Jewish national - powers that were approved later by the proposed member

League of Nations? Is the League itself was authorized to transfer powers

This British?

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Mandate for Israel 66 approved July 71 in London in 0277. Later

It is also approved by the 17 member countries of the League of Nations, and he went

. Into force in 0279

The introduction sets the mood mandate and emphasizes the uniqueness of this mandate, unlike

The rest of the mandates promulgated by the on the Middle East and other regions

Of the world. While the mandate for Israel is considered a Class A mandate, as

Provided for in Article 77 of the basic alliance of 10 of the League of Nations, it was actually

Unique in that its national beneficiary were Jews of the world), then about 01 million

People (rather than local residents. Mandate explicitly states its goal:

The re-establishment of a national home for the Jewish people, based on

The historical connection of the Jews with the Land of Israel) "Palestine" (.

As with any treaty, Resolution, alliance or an international agreement, the introductory clauses are

Usually statements. But in the case of the Mandate for Israel, Article 7

The introduction makes the entire operative part. Therefore, the 72 articles he wrote

The mandate should be interpreted in light of the fundamental statements in the introduction. On the following pages only

Great number of sections will be discussed.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Articles 1 and 6 are highly relevant to the current political situation in what is called

"Palestinian territories".

Section 1 forms the Land of Israel in the national territory is indivisible 0

Assigned exclusively to the Jewish people) Similar to write the introduction (. However, when

OK mandate in London on 71 July 0277, the British had already severed Trans

62 Jordan from Israel and turned it into an oriental mixed districts at the same time "a separate administration.

This move initiated back in 0270, approved the White Paper "of June Churchill

0277, and was incorporated in Article 71 introduced the draft mandate. Disconnect

This temporary administrative and British side was against the spirit of the San

Remo, 10 Border Treaty between France and Britain, 12 and Draft Mandate

They passed in December 0270 by the Zionists and by the British.

In this context, we can see the separate legal status granted to Transjordan

Violation of British commitment to re-shape the Jewish National Home

Throughout the Land of Israel.

However, Article 1 does not leave any room for doubt as to the rest of the Land of Israel,

That is, the area west of the Jordan River. Hence, we can conclude that the mere pushing of

Israel to give up any part of Judea and Samaria), the so-called jargon

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Media "West Bank" (as part of any peace Plan "

Under consideration at this time is clearly damaging the rights of the Jewish people.

This statement finds bolstered by the fact that 20% of the historical heritage

The Jewish people are in this area. Giving up such a vital area would leave

Israel has but little justification, historical and cultural reasons, continued

The validity of the other rights recognized territory. Strategic Threats

Were created with such a withdrawal certainly endanger the security of the

Country.

Article 6 deals with the Jewish settlement in Eretz Israel. Since the purpose of the foundation

The mandate was to establish a "Jewish national home" in the Land of Israel, and since there

The possibility to realize this intention without a large Jewish population, Naturally

The mandatory Power (UK) "shall facilitate Jewish immigration ... and encouraging

Close settlement by Jews in Israel. "However, the UK has failed completely

Position obligations. As provided for in Article 71 of the Mandate,

Mass Jewish settlement and organized temporarily postponed Transjordan, and rejection

It continues to this day. Moreover, between 0277 to 0292, came Series

The "white book" British and systematically reduced Jewish immigration,

Primarily to pander to the Arabs - but to no avail. Despite these limitations, there

Praising the British for allowing the immigration of some four hundred

Twenty thousand Jews during the early years of the Mandate period. Although

It should be noted that the severe restrictions imposed by the British, especially

The critical years of the Nazi regime in Germany nearly tipped the country

Representing the Jewish way clear neglect of duty superpower mandatory.

Article 6 also relates to the confusion of those days against the "Jewish settlements

West Bank, "which many people call them" illegal. "A short summary

The following will clarify the main aspects of this issue:

0.0 The use of the word "settlement" in the mouths of enemies and detractors of

The State of Israel, to describe the Israeli communities built in Judea

And Samaria - he seeks to discredit. 62 has to imply that not only

Jews "foreign residents" are - and that has ignored more than 760

Arab villages were built in the region since 0262), compared to only 010

Built by the Jews (. It should be remembered that Arafat himself was born

Egypt, the Palestinian Sisters and many new "are in the area. Nickname

The new Jewish communities only an obstacle to peace "indicates

Certainly biased approach.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

7. The main opposition groups and supporters of the Palestinian-Israeli-deniers

Based on a misinterpretation of Article 11 of the Fourth Geneva Convention 62

Determining an occupying military power "will not] force [part

Its population into occupied territory. "Even the International Court of Justice

Justice advisory opinion produced in July 7001 against building the "fence"

This referred to the Geneva Convention and expressed the opinion S"hiisobim

Israeli occupied Palestinian territory), including East Jerusalem (been established

In violation of international law. "20

Nothing could be further from the truth:

A (j much room to doubt that if at all possible to apply the Geneva Convention here

Fourth, for those "Jewish settlements" are not in the zones

Occupied. "This fact first noticed Professor Eugene Rostow, lawyer

Known in the field of international law and former sub-secretary

US State for Foreign Affairs: "How can I apply this Convention

Jews who already have a legal right protected by Article 22 of the

The UN Charter to live in the West Bank, East Jerusalem and Gaza

Gaza has not been explained. "For Rostov Jewish right to settle

Every area of ​​what was once British Mandate Palestine "can not be

Legally appeal. "20

(B fasted with the idea of ​​occupation "that marketers false Arab narrative

Eretz Israel is the shaky foundation upon which any exceptions based

The alleged Israeli international law and reason who preserve

The concept of "occupation" living and breathing for granted: The legitimacy of

The State of Israel as a whole is undermined, because there is no distinction at all between

. Liberated territories by Israel in the 0212 and 0262 wars

The legitimacy of Israeli rule over the whole earth is derived exclusively

International law.

(C of Israel never "gave power") act is prohibited under Article 12

The Fourth Geneva Convention (any Jews liberated areas

. Foreign occupation to self-defense in the War of 0262

D (A to Geneva Convention binds the parties, in this case - Jordan

And the Palestinian entity) is not a state (but Jordan was never

Legal sovereignty "West Bank" and actually even waived

. Sovereignty has been alleged in 0222

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

(E instructive to compare the demand of the Arabs of Israel to dismantle all settlement

Jewish - Demand ethnic cleansing "- a reality where the population

Israel's Arab constituting about 70 percent of the population

State and enjoy full equality.

And (a claim of the absurdity of the world choir, which communities are

"Obstacle to peace" can only be compared with the return free-thinking

Which characterizes the discipline. For twenty years prior to the construction

Yishuv "the first Jew in the liberated areas there was no peace,

Arab violence against Jews and Israel played every day the headlines

Newspapers.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Already in 0202 - a year before the peace conference in San Remo - Start

Scores preparing drafts of the Mandate filed by British authorities.

December 0270 draft eventually adopted by the British cabinet

And submitted to the League Council to approve it. There were twenty-seven

Sections, and final approval was rejected by a number of external factors, including:

Italy's opposition claiming their rights due to the south Anatolia

And the fact that the Treaty of Sevres 92 not ratified; The negotiations surrounding the determination

The borders of the Land of Israel; Their advance north of the Emir Abdullah

And fighters to avenge the ousting his brother Faisal by the French; And in particular,

The repeated insistence of the US administration to review any draft before

Giving consent.

To stem the armed introduction of Abdullah, a show that never came

Promoted real intention to attack the French, and to appease the Arabs complaints

And the violence of the Arabs in Israel, Churchill issued a "Book

White "in June 0277. This British Open steadily eroded policy

And other territorial rights of the Jewish people in the Land of Israel

During the Mandate period.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

When finally approved the mandate for the Land of Israel in London in July 0277

) And subsequently approved by the entire League of Nations (British had already

Mandate insert another section, is Article 71, which became official

The actual separation of Transjordan and prevented any mass Jewish settlement

And organized east of the Jordan River.

Preventing Jews so-called first "Eastern Eretz Israel"

) And subsequent heard I went through the Jordan "and finally" The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan "

Was supposed to be temporary, but it remains in force to this day.

Many observers see the division of "this first of the Land of Israel

Breach of the obligations of the United Kingdom, the mandatory Power, as they were understood

San Remo and a violation of the Franco-British.

However, the map of Eretz Israel / Transjordan shown above is the source protection

Repeated wrong: Often used to say, that all space is displayed

This map, which is about 070,000 square kilometers, was supposed to be intended to

Jewish National San Remo as they thought. True, some of Transjordan -

Which extends north-south along the east bank of the River Jordan River

Yarmuk) east of the sea of ​​Galilee (to the Gulf of Aqaba, a width of between 70 and 10

Km to the Hejaz railway tracks and even beyond it - should be part of

Jewish national home for the following reasons:

• The area is included in the map submitted by the Peace Conference convened grades

Paris, and this claim was considered reasonable by the Emir Feisal, President

Wilson and other representatives of the Allies;

• The San Remo, and during the subsequent period when the wording of the Mandate,

L"flstinh designated area "- the Land of Israel - was meant to reflect the

The historical connection of the Jewish people to Israel, also extends to the east

Jordan River;

• The Treaty of Franco-British Boundary though she knew this part of the

Transjordan as part of the Land of Israel is mandatory so that means

Jewish National Home.

However, there is no reasonable argument about Jewish sovereignty over the entire area of ​​Transjordan

As was expanded to the east by the British in 0271 - to the North border

West of Iraq. To curb the hostility of newly Saudi fighters

Appeared; Provide a secure air corridor between Baghdad and the Mediterranean; And prevent difficulties

Please allow diplomatic mandate as a result of separate Transjordan Author

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

League of Nations, the British expanded the western part of Iraq and Trans

Jordan, that separates Syria what would become Saudi

Arabia, while guarding the whole area under a British mandate.

These measures can not be interpreted as an attack on the Jewish national home, despite

British held the combined entity of Palestine / Eretz Israel and Trans

Jordan, subject to that mandate until 0216, when he became Transjordan

Independent Hashemite kingdom. The historical context - a pillar

Critical of Jewish legal rights to the area - never came

Western borders of Mesopotamia, a distance of about 910 kilometers to the east

Jordan River.

However, the legal opinion of the Attorney Howard Grief significantly different at this point.

It states:

"Mandatory Palestine whose territory consists of both the land west of the Jordan

And the area east of the Jordan as finally determined was created with one goal

Only: to build a Jewish national home and future Jewish state

Independent, as foreseen in the decision of San Remo, which was incorporated in the Balfour Declaration

And brought into effect the provisions of Article 77 of the basic alliance member

Nations, for the Jewish people. No area of ​​the land of Palestine was not the committee

In that decision to establish in any Arab country, not in the West Bank

Of Jordan and its eastern bank, and conducted the mandatory Power

Eretz Israel and held it, not a plurality of the country, but only as a trustee of

Jewish people - was not authorized to legally establish such an Arab state, not

Subject to the decision of San Remo and not subject to the Charter of fundamental League,

Nor subject to Article 71 of the mandate itself. Also was not competent

Disclose any "Palestine territory" - subject to Article 1 of the mandate, teaching

Ever occurred even Transjordan, which was never given a mandate

Separate. Therefore, the entire area of ​​Palestine - including Transjordan in its entirety -

Was the uncontested part of the Jewish national home under trial

International, even some Zionist provisions of the Mandate for Palestine

Israel was suspended - but never eliminated; As a result, there were

British unlawfully when permanently severed Transjordan

The land intended to be used as the Jewish people's national, a step which reduced

The area at 22 percent, more than three-quarters of the area determined. As noted

One author, the British made "huge robbery of a Jewish homeland"), William B.

Ziff, The Rape of Palestine, p 002 (. The problem is that it gets robbery

A fait accompli, in part thanks to a partnership-indulgence and collusion of

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

The US administration which, as a party to the Mandate for Israel and Saudi provisions,

Must have a clear legal obligation to intervene and partly due to distress and sense

Helplessness of the Jews, feelings prevailed at the time. "

The question of Transjordan in all its complexity must be discussed by lawyers

Scholars, but their deliberations are beyond his occupation of this book

Article 72 prohibits any change in the provisions of the Mandate without the "consent of the Council of

The League of Nations. "The last change was carried mandate Knesset discussed Article 71

Above. No further legal change has not been approved by the member or by

Legal successor, the United Nations - the United Nations. In addition, rights

National exclusivity of the Jewish people to the Land of Israel as described

The Preamble to the mandate approved in paragraph 7 of the same document valid till

Day.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

The League of Nations ceased to exist in April 2291, after the organization was set up

The new United Nations) UN (in San Francisco. The UN made

Successor to the League of Nations and many articles of the UN Charter 21 indicate

So.

With regard to Israel-Israel, by perpetuating the rights of "all people," maintains Article

88 of the UN Charter specifically the rights of the Jewish people who have subject

Mandate. Note that when the partition resolution adopted

November 23, 2292 UN Resolution 212, the mandate was still in full force.

Therefore, the recommendation emerging from the Resolution 212 of the UN Charter against it

She asked dramatically affect the nation territorial rights

Win Jewish Land of Israel which mandatory.

The word "people" included in Article 11 of the UN Charter was due largely

Interference from the Jewish Agency preparatory conferences were held in San

Francisco in the spring of 2298. This term clearly meant the Jewish people. Since unknown

Article 11 Clause Palestine ".

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The validity of the mandate for Israel expired with the declaration of the State of Israel at 29

May 2291, but the acquired rights of the beneficiary) Jewish people (not

Be revoked with the demise of the mandatory Power and faithful

(UK). At the end of the Mandate and the declaration of the State of Israel, there is no relevant Section 88

More about the possibility of operation to enforce the trust system) Chapter Twelve

Of the Charter of the United Nations (any part of what was previously the Land of Israel

Mandatory. He maintains relevance by preventing any action on the part of

UN modify the rights and sovereignty of the Jewish people on any part of

. Land of Israel / Palestine, rights preserved under Article 11

Although the mandate itself is not really a treaty, the Vienna Convention on the Law of the art, 29

Adopted in 2212, establishes the legal right of acquired "

Recognized in international law remain in force even after the expiration of

Convention. This law applies to the legal rights of the Jewish people, as drafted

The number of documents since the San Remo Peace Conference in 2211. These rights included

Even the Treaty of Sevres, and not expired despite the fact that the Treaty of Sevres was never

Ratified.

Observers have inadvertently rely on the Vienna Convention when they claim

Arabs have won legal rights will, from the West ". "West Bank"

Defined according to the "green line" drawn in 2292 armistice line finishing

The military hostilities in the War of Independence. No strike agreement

Weapons can not be considered the Convention, especially when taking into account the

The fact that the Arabs themselves have always resisted adoption of the "Green Line" as the border

Officially.

Last but not least, an important historical precedent demonstrates the ongoing rights of

After the expiration of the peoples mandate issued in their favor. South-West Africa

Was a German colony before World War One. After the defeat

Germany, approved the establishment of the League of Nations mandate to administer the Southwest

Africa, and established the Union of South Africa) Today, the Republic of

South Africa (Mandatory superpower. At the end of World War II

South Africa refused even to consider granting independence to South-West Africa,

And asked her to annex the South-West Africa as a place of another.

After several interventions from the United Nations and the decisions of the Court

International Court of Justice, 28, condemned the presence of South Africa in the south-west

Africa, published in 2222 the Court advisory opinion last step

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

That led to independence for South-West Africa, known since 2221

Namibia.

The parallel between Namibia to Israel-Israel see the table below:

Area

Mandatory

Sovereign ago

Mandate

Power

Mandatory

Country

Independent

New

) Land of Israel

Turkey

United Kingdom

Israel) 1498

South-west

Africa

) Germany

South Africa

Namibia) 1448

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This summary highlights the key provisions of the Mandate

As described on the previous pages

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Because the United States did not join the League of Nations, is aimed to ensure the

Rights and the rights of its citizens Mandate in Eretz Israel by signing

Agreement with the United Kingdom. This agreement, signed in December 0271, the United States recognized

British government of Israel in return for these rights.

Two years earlier-so, was adopted unanimously by both houses of the US Congress

A decision known as Fish-decision Lodge, 12 signed by President

Harding. This decision was supported B"hkmto the Land of Israel of national home

Jewish ", and is part of US law to this day. Allow

Argue that signing the Anglo-American Convention of 26 December 0271, Convention

Which included the full text of the mandate, required the US government

Respect the mandate of international law, especially since it

. The Senate approved it and the President Koligd, declared it in 0271

Article 7 of the Treaty gives the United States "all rights" determined mandate,

Especially the right to join the Allied Council of the League of Nations

Accompanied by a superpower, and it was given to the United States to agree to changes made to the right

Mandate or oppose them, considering that according to Article 72 of the mandate

They need unanimous agreement.

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Anglo-American Convention - which is a treaty between the US and Country

Sovereign, the United Kingdom of Great Britain - considered "law

The country's top ", according to Article 6 of the US Constitution. 22

In light of these possible implications of the Treaty are worthy mentioning:

During the period of the British Mandate issued three White Papers reduced

A very large extent the rights of the Jewish people in the Land of Israel as they come

Reflected in the mandate. MacDonald White Paper, published on the eve of 22

World War II, was the most stringent, thus not only forced reduction

Drastically on Jewish immigration at a crucial moment in the history of the Jewish people, but

In fact he even denied the mere intention to mandate that abandoning the idea

The center of "Jewish national home in the Land of Israel". Although Mandates Commission

Fixed - whose role is to oversee the League of Nations on steps

Britain, the mandatory Power - saw MacDonald White Paper

Violation of the mandate, and US President Roosevelt expressed his "sorrow

Deep decisions regarding the British government's policy to Israel

Her Israeli ", the US administration did not respond.

The Convention, together with mandated, expired the day the State of Israel - the 01

May 0212. However, the national rights of the Jewish people in the Land of Israel,

Explicitly recognized both documents, remain in force to this day,

As stated clearly in Article 20 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of the art, 21 Convention

Adopted in 0262. In this context, decisions made recently by

The US administration regarding Israel and the Arabs of Israel make themselves look

Legality, especially in goal - the establishment of "a Palestinian state") as proposed on-

President Bush in 7001 (an area defined mandate, current policies

President Obama, focusing on the factions to cease settlement] Jewish [Improbable

Illegal West Bank. "22

However, the legal aspects and extent of the Anglo-American Convention

They are complex, and many experts are divided about the commitment of

United States to mandate, as described above. For example, some argue that

Britain was committed only to protect American interests

The Land of Israel - and that is indeed stand. However, the United States is precluded

Today legal denial of Jewish legal rights acquired

All the Land of Israel arising mandate. Perhaps, it will be possible to return

Anglo-American Convention in the near future.

Part 2

Eretz Israel) Palestine (British Mandate period

▪ The Commission Hiikrft

▪ The Churchill White Paper

▪ The Shaw Commission and Hope-Simpson Report

▪ The Passfield's White Paper

▪ The Peel Commission - Woodhead Commission

▪ The MacDonald White Paper

▪ The Jewish immigration

▪ The UN partition resolution: Resolution No. 080

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The first Arab riots, which initiated the Mufti, 20 were in Jaffa, weeks

Some prior and San Remo Peace Conference. It turned out that the British did not want it or not

Could protect the Jewish population. As a result, Ze'ev Jabotinsky founded

The "Haganah" in 0270, a self-defense organization that has developed over time

And was the Israel Defense Forces today.

20 Hiikrft Commission found that the Arabs are the attacking side and they are responsible

Most of the casualties. Echoing the way to this day, Arabs spread

False information regarding the Arabs murdered by Jews in Jaffa, "information" that ignited

Violence without any factual verification. The main goal of the Arabs

Was thwarting Jewish immigration to Israel all of Israel, and to do so in any way

It.

The British tried to get their hands on the mufti, but he managed to escape to

Transjordan. The man soon pardoned by the British and returned to his position

Political and religious.

Despite the unequivocal findings of the Commission Hiikrft, were British

To appease the Arabs and used the Jaffa riots to limit immigration

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Jewish. The excuse they used repeatedly had capacity to concern

Economic absorption "of the country. This concept was completely detached from

Reality and often contradicted the facts. Through efforts

Train and develop infrastructure land increased greatly grades "capability

Absorption "of the country. However, nothing could change his interests

Britain's strategic neighboring Arab countries - and it constituted the

Top goal during the mandate period.

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27 published a month before the approval of the mandate), the Churchill White Paper) 0277

The Land of Israel in London, is a milestone in British policy that he

Represents the first deviation from the original meaning of the Balfour Declaration

) Despite British denials (and mandate for Israel not yet been approved.

This White Paper was formulated by the High Commissioner to Israel-Israel eight in 0220, Sir

Herbert Samuel, who declared himself a fan-Zionist Jew.

Despite the promises contained in the legitimacy of the Balfour Declaration,

The San Remo Resolution and the Treaty of Sevres 29) was still in force and waiting

Ratification (; despite the rights of Jews in the Land of Israel said it clearly,

"Having an international guarantee them a promise ... and to formally acknowledge that they

Are rooted in ancient historical connection, "and despite the approval given to development

Prominent Zionist "characterization national lines" the Land of Israel, the White Paper

Churchill went on a practical division of the Land of Israel by the appointment of Abdullah

- Amir Hijaz - as administrator of the territory east of the Jordan River and the removal of

This area of ​​Jewish settlement from the mass as prescribed in section 6

Of the mandate.

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Removal of Transjordan was incorporated into the Jewish National Home in Article 71 of the Mandate

. Land of Israel, as approved by the Council of the League of Nations in July 0277

Despite the statement by Sir Alec Kirkbride cited above) on the need

Deliver to Israel-Israel eastern lands, enough to absorb Settlement

Arabic (it turned out that the separation is permanent, without any "resettlement" as

It is written by him. Initially an Eastern Land of Israel) in Arabic

Exclusive (and Western) with a Jewish minority (there were subject to that mandate.

However, the term "Eastern Eretz Israel" has been replaced over time L"abr-

Jordan ", and in 0271 another about an area of ​​sixty thousand square kilometers, up to the limit

Mesopotamia, to prevent access from Syria) is subject to a French mandate (half stood

Arabia. 21

Most things, the White Paper indicated that British policy is not predicted

A separate Jewish state in the Land of Israel, but only "center where the Jewish people

All he could find of interest and pride, on the basis of ethnicity and religion. "Accordingly, month

The term "economic absorptive capacity" to further restrict according to desire

British Jewish immigration.

Aafi"c, many Zionists, Chaim Weizmann received including the White Paper

Churchill mixed feelings of joy mixed with displeasure. James

De Rothschild, a member of the British Committee for the First Zionist-Israel to Israel,

Preferred Abdullah separate from the rest of the realm of the Land of Israel as a guarantee

The continued existence of the Jewish national home. Sir Martin Gilbert, 21 Expert

Churchill matters known, attaches to the White Paper the power of home building

Jewish National and keeping the Balfour Declaration and the Mandate provisions

"Intact".

Although Churchill considered himself an ardent Zionism ", its White Paper - unlike

Expectations - did not reassure the Arabs and the Zionist enterprise in the Land of opposition

Israel. Other notable Jewish Zionists, such as Justice Louis Brandeis, see

The White Paper as a violation of the spirit of the mandate, not yet approved at the time. This view

It is also of attorney Howard Grief, 19, sees the Churchill White Paper "sign

He was dying of a clear mandate for the Land of Israel "and the source of" interpretation

False precision about the meaning to be attributed to the Jewish National Home

And to determine the obligations and responsibilities under the mandate of the United Kingdom "- as

Question implemented by all subsequent British governments) see

White Papers of Passfield and McDonald (.

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Violent Arab riots broke out again in 0272, which killed more than a hundred

Jews - particularly in Hebron. Many Jews fled the targeted communities.

Investigation committee of four members, headed by Sir Walter Shaw, 26

. Submitted its report in March 0290

Protectors of the Commission Hiikrft) 0270 (Shaw also stated that responsibility

Lies directly on the "racial hostility" by the Arabs against the Jews. However,

Shaw found "root cause" Arab disappointment felt by the leaders

Political; In the absence of the Arab community economic future; And feeling Slat-

Slowly Zionists "with foreign financing sources" taking over another Arab

That, Shaw pointed to the inconsistency alleged British declarations

Previous addressed to both Arabs and Jews, and even revived the concept of

"Dual commitment" of equal importance also to the Arabs and the

The Jews - a concept completely deviating from the provisions of the Mandate, which gave

Explicitly political and national rights only to the Jewish people.

As a result, the British government summoned the expert team of hop

Simpson 22 to assess the "economic absorptive capacity" of the country. Report

Hope-Simpson on "immigration, land settlement and development", published in August

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0290, concluded that there is not enough land in the Land of Israel and the recommended stop

Once the Jewish immigration, claiming that the employment policy of the institutions

Jewish chief responsible for the paucity of Arabs) see point "C"

Later (. Suspension of Jewish immigration was to continue to be developed

Land of Israel more Arabs to be able to adopt new farming methods.

The conclusions of the report Hop-Simson much criticism, both because of contradictions

Its obvious internal and from British and Arab officials:

(A report which was admitted to an Arab immigration into Palestine massive illegal

Israel and surrounding areas visited the British government

Ignoring this problem which has reduced the options granted

Economic of the local Arab population and negatively affected

Chances of new Jewish immigrants.

In (the report also mentioned that the Jews "have paid inflated prices for

Ground and in addition they paid to some holders of these lands amounts

Silver evident that the law did not have to pay. "

(C British Governor of the Sinai from 0277 to 22 0296 results were approved

Arab immigration catastrophic non-controlled into the Land of Israel:

"Illegal immigration is not only continued but also across the Sinai Jordan

And Syria, and it is very difficult to avoid the misery of the Arabs if at the time

One time it was not possible to block the entry of other Arabs

Neighboring countries to participate in this poverty. "Before the outbreak of war

Second World War, Churchill stressed Vinson Not only being persecuted, but

The Arab masses went to Israel and multiplied. "

D (the governor of Syria, Tawfiq al-Hourani Bay acknowledged that for months

Some in 0291 about 90,000 Syrian-Israeli came to Israel. 22 if the rate

Their natural increase was 1.1% annual, explains this emigration wave all day

The population of the city of Nablus, the largest Arab city in Samaria.

(E written about for years Abdullah has been King of Transjordan, in his memoirs:

"It is clear to all, even according to the map prepared by the Simpson Commission and in accordance map

Another portrays the Peel Commission, the Arabs excel in selling land

Just as they excel in tears and complaints pointless. "

And (Qana measure the mass of Arab immigration to illegal gun

And British unwillingness to stop it known to the whole world. In 0292 the town

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US President Roosevelt, who since 0270 that Arab immigration

"Outstripped Jewish immigration during this period."

Despite everything, the British continued to promote anti-Zionist policy immediately

After the publication of Hope-Simpson report, and further restricted Jewish immigration

When published the Passfield White Paper.

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Passfield White Paper of 20 was a significant change in British policy

The Land of Israel. First official document adopted an anti-Zionist and pro-

Arabic decisive, citing distorted the findings of the report Hop

Simpson.

Passfield's White Paper recommended not only reduce further reducing the rise

Jews, but also to limit serious restriction on Jewish ownership

Earth, when the dubious basis for this recommendation is the lack of soil

Agricultural land of Israel, and that - despite considerable efforts - and sellers -

The Zionists to expand the amount of agricultural land and capacity.

Politically, "confirmed" the Passfield White Paper "restart" the book

Previous White, of Churchill, since 0277: it reduced the importance of

"Jewish national home" - for whom the Zionists had a key and was the

The very nature of the mandate for Israel - and emphasized only the Baking

Culture "of existing Jewish communities. This White Paper also spoke in favor of

Britain's equivalent obligations towards the Arabs and the Jews in the Land

Israel, especially when dealing with the allocation of land, ignoring their letter

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And the spirit of the documents requiring various international law since

Balfour Declaration.

The Zionists opposed the unequivocal Passfield's White Paper.

British Prime Minister Ramsay MacDonald tried to calm worries

Jewish through a personal letter referred to Chaim Weizmann, which he repeated

British adherence to affirmative mandate "to enable and encourage Jewish immigration

Close settlement by Jews on the land "), Article 6 of the Mandate (but

Refused to cancel the false notion of "dual commitment", which will be implemented

Equally to Arabs and the Jews - was a foreign concept

Mandate, and he also addressed his letter to economic absorptive capacity to "the

Country code means in practice was reduced further Jewish immigration.

Zionists naively believed his promises of Prime Minister Macdonald.

The next decade showed they were misled. In contrast, the Arabs were pleased with limitations

Imposed by the Passfield White Paper. May be interpreted them as a green light

More violent riots against the Jews of Eretz-Israel, who came to riots

. Culminating in what became known as the "Arab Revolt" of 0296-0292 20

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27 Peel Commission published its most comprehensive report following the outbreak

. Called "Arab Revolt" in 0296

Peel Commission report opens summarizing the "problem" and a brief history since

0201. An interesting aspect is the recognition If successful attempt to establish a national home

Jews to Israel-will ask a sufficient number of Jews a national home made

Evolve over time into a Jewish state. "It is important to remember that day, because

Today many are opposed to the true meaning of the phrase "national home

Jew ".

Among the many reasons for an Arab Rebellion ", brings Phil's report has ignited two

0270 Arab riots of violence:

0 (desire of Arab national independence; (7) The hatred of the establishment ("

Jewish National Home and fears him. "

Further analyzes of the report in terms that deserve to be quoted at length

The situation that prevailed then:

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"Jewish national home is no longer an experiment. Population growth

Achieved by political developments, social and economic lines

Determined at the beginning of the process. The main innovation is the development

Municipal and industrial. The contrast between the democratic character of modern 0

And in particular the European National Home and the nature of the Arab world

Surrounding conspicuous. The mood of the house] of the Jewish National [

Nationalist and strong. There is no question of a merger or of emulation among

Jewish culture which is Arabic. National Home can not be

National-half ... the contrast between the educational systems of Jews and Arabs

Especially noticeable Bfsgtn. Jews have a high-level university.

Arabs have no such thing ... "), the emphasis of the author (.

As Arab immigration into the Land of Israel and vacant land, report

Peel puts the record straight - to distort the issue

Day. The report states: "The shortage of land is due not so much from purchase

The Jews that if the increase in the Arab population. Arab claims

As if the Jews obtained Too much fertile land can not be justified.

Large parts of the land are growing them today orchards were Dunes

Swamps and sand or rocky land purchased before "), the emphasis of the author (.

Initially rejected the Peel Commission's comprehensive British principle "absorption capacity

Economic ", and states that it" does not provide "; on the other hand, is determined ceiling

Jewish immigration: 070,111 per year for five years, even though

Recognizing this, every ceiling will be considered too high by the Arabs) while

The activity of the Peel Commission, there were approximately 100,000 Jews (.

The report also notes that the situation of the Arabs greatly improved since 0270, thanks to

Jewish capital, social services and technological progress brought

Grades. However, the Arab and Jewish nationalism heightened "is inadequate

Hope for compromise "and not envy the situation of the United Kingdom" if fulfilled the mandate

The current ".

In formulating its conclusions, the report recognizes that it can only offer "remedies

Analgesic "Because the disease is so deep Lineages convinced the Commission

The only hope is a surgical remedy. "For Committee

Phil, you can not settle with one of Britain's obligations towards

Jews and Arabs, and the only solution is to end the mandate and part of the

Land of Israel.

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Proposed partition borders were distorted: the Jews will remain just Galilee

And the narrow strip of beach to the city of Ashdod today) blue area on the map

Above (; the Arabs would remain contiguous space that includes all the Negev, the strip

Gaza and the West Bank. A corridor will last mapped through the airport

And Jerusalem to Bethlehem will be under British control to keep places

Saints, concern by the British) misconception (it has to respect

The "sacred trust of civilization" referred to in paragraph 77 of the Basic alliance

The League of Nations. This proposal was drastically reduces the area

Land of Israel dreamed up by the participants at the San Remo, and reduced it

To at least 25 percent from the field remaining after severing Transjordan rest

. Land of Israel when the mandate was approved in 0277

The report also added insult to injury and suggested "that the Jewish state will pay compensation

Arab state when the distribution will be made "for" new rights

Jewish sovereignty over the area. "As is clearly to what extent distorted

British Mandate 0 principles according to which transferred sovereignty

Exclusively to the Jewish people by the Supreme Council of the Entente

San Remo main - and no collective Arab group.

The report also addresses the distribution of Arabs and Jews in disputed

Offered. While there were grounds for 7,700,111 Arabs and Jews, there were only

00,701 Jews in Arab territory. This imbalance is considered an obstacle to serious

The best way to implement the division's successful ", and it was suggested that sooner or

Later also carried out an "exchange of populations". To support this proposed program,

Phil report referred to in positive terms following the population exchanges carried out

Turkey-Greece War in 0277 - when 0.2 million people were moved

On the other side - and praised the "courage of the Greek and Turkish politicians

Relevant,] courage [that is justified by the result. "

The 13th Zionist Congress August 71 we will gather in 0292 in Zurich, were

Zionists are well aware of the serious situation of European Jewry in Germany

Nazi. Congress rejected the principle of partition) as contravening commitments

According to international mandate (but in view of the difficult plight and the need to obtain

Painful decisions, members of Congress gathered under the banner of Ben-Gurion

In the hope of establishing in Eretz-Israel the necessary shelter for the Jews of Europe

Threatened. Ultimately, Congress decided "not to accept the plan

The division proposed by the Peel Commission,] but expressed his desire to continue negotiations {

And the provision to clarify the precise nature of the proposed UK Government

The establishment of a Jewish state in Israel. "

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The Arabs rejected the recommendations of the committee and demanded to stop the immigration and building

Jewish national home in the Land of Israel.

Woodhead Commission established after 21 opposed to the idea of ​​partition and continued

Championing the idea of ​​Jewish-Arab agreement. British severely depressed "Revolt

Arab "and dissolved the Supreme Arab Committee convened by the Conference sets.

. James meaningless February 21, 0292

Before that conference also raised the Zionists and the Arabs their claims. Scores

Increased demand increase to help the Jews threatened by Nazi attack

Seemed already on the horizon. The Arabs insisted oppose Jewish immigration

And the principles laid down in the Balfour Declaration. The British government gave up the idea

Distribution to please the Arabs, and put in place the idea

Palestinian state, to convince them to be allies

The expected clash with Germany.

This radical change in British policy effectively put an end to the idea

Mandate that broke the British commitment to the establishment of a national home

Jews in the Land of Israel, which one would realize it only through

An actual increase and an undermined, as prescribed mandate. White book

. McDonald's destructive policy approved in May 0292

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On the eve of World War II, Britain issued a White Paper

McDonald, 26, and destroyed the foreseeable future that the Zionist hopes

Establish a Jewish state in Israel.

MacDonald White Paper envisaged the establishment of a "State of Palestine

Unified "under Arab control) common terms today:" Solving Country

One "(within a period of ten years, a whole area surrounding the beach

The Mediterranean to the Jordan River.

This policy statement violated the United Kingdom's obligations under

Mandate:

• The by abandoning the main purpose of the mandate: the re-establishment of

Jewish national home, ie, an independent Jewish state in any future

Land of Israel.

• The by placing severe restrictions on Jewish immigration violation

. Article 6

• The by taking unilateral measures without the prior consent of the Board

League of Nations -. Violation of Article 72

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The idea of ​​"economic absorptive capacity" Until then penetrated everywhere month to

Of limiting Jewish immigration to 200,111 over the next five years

These and prevent the transfer of Jewish-owned land in various parts of the

Land of Israel. "United State of Palestine" was supposed new

Be controlled by Arabs and Jews alike, according to their population

State, but Jews were forbidden to serve more than one-third

This comprehensive.

No one deluded himself about the fate of the Jewish minority in light of violence

Arabs during the previous two decades and in light of the Arab Council Statement

Top which, while showing courage nationalist, opposed the White Paper

McDonald: "The crucial decision regarding the fate of a dependent on his own wishes,

And carrying white or black. Palestine win independence within the Union

Arab and Arabic will remain forever. "

No wonder that the Zionists were amazed embezzlement at a time when the British trust

Such critical to Europe's Jews. A similar condemnation was voiced by Prime Minister

Britain in the past, Lloyd George, who described the White Paper Acts of Deceit

National will bring, but an honor on behalf of the British. "President Roosevelt expressed

"The grief] on [the British government decisions regarding policy in the Land

Israel ", but the US government has avoided a more active response, which could

Definitely do in light of the provisions of the Anglo-American Convention. Harry Truman,

When he served as a US senator, is also believed, MacDonald White Paper

Is a "denial of British commitments".

Winston Churchill, in a speech delivered a passionate flames of the British House of Commons

On 79 May 0292, sharply criticized the MacDonald White Paper. It

Condemned the clauses Ferdinand and clear repudiation of the Balfour Declaration ", calling the

White Paper the words "another Munich" 22 Beat fatal "Zionists. However, there

Place argue that the seeds of the MacDonald White Paper seed Churchill

When published its White Paper back in 0177. There is also noted that Churchill

Refused to cancel the MacDonald White Paper when its authority was

To do so, as prime minister during World War II.

More sex, the Permanent Mandates Commission, whose role is to oversee

Practical mandatory Power, stated MacDonald White Paper does not

Compatible with the spirit and provisions of the Mandate for Israel, and thus set

The White Paper is illegal, unless you change the Council of the League of Nations

This assertion. However, the Council has not decided the matter: it was supposed to

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To decide on 2 September 0292, but the meeting never took place, because

World War II broke out in September 0.

Britain's strategic goal - to satisfy the

Arab and Muslim world - proved largely false hope

After World War broke out. MacDonald White Paper, the

. All limitations anti-Zionist, remains in effect until May 0118

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The graph above indicates non-regular fluctuations occurred in Jewish immigration

To Israel-Israel during the first twenty years of British rule

. After the Peace Conference held in San Remo in 2211

The flow of Jews to Israel has been stagnant around 20 111 immigrants per year during

Hiikrft Commission action and the Churchill White Paper) 1921-1922 (. Then

So there has been a sharp increase after taken anti-Jewish measures in Poland

And Germany in the 11 middle, and after diving due to severe

The global economic collapse and a severe drought in the land of Israel.

With the rise of the Nazi party in Germany, a significant number of Jews

Central Europe immigrated to Israel-Israel, to the Peel Commission recommended limits

Set new "political ceiling" of 210,111 Jewish immigrants per year,

And the British government has adopted these restrictions in breach of the mandate.

Looks tiny increase in 2232 is due to immigrants who apparently

To Israel-Israel) illegally, according to British rules (as a receiver

Last raged against growing anti-Semitism in Europe.

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MacDonald White Paper of Jewish immigration became impossible

Almost, and the number of immigrants is down to a trickle during the war years

(1940-1945)

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In 0212 the British put the question of the Land of Israel to the General Assembly

United Nations. The investigation of the situation in the country conducted by the UN Committee

Special Palestine) UNSCOP (marked eyes of the Arabs of Palestine

Killing Jews now above any other consideration ", the General Assembly recommended

UN to partition the land into two states, Israel 22 separate, one

Jewish and one Arab, and Jerusalem area having to special status. All

Arab countries voted against the resolution; Britain was among the abstainers.

Division boundaries were based on demographic considerations, but it was impossible to defend

Their military protection. The proposed Jewish state was nevertheless a minority

Very strong Arab) about 17 percent (. The percentage of Arabs in population grows up

16% on the eve of the War of Independence in 0212 when Jewish forces

Took control of Jaffa. However, only Jews numbered's Population 0.7%

The proposed Arab state, since most Jews were massacred in those areas or

Expelled, and The British restricted Jewish settlement in those areas

During the two decades that preceded the decision. One hundred thousand Jews living

Jerusalem area) area, according to the proposal should have been a separate and control

International (found themselves isolated.

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Canadian citizens for the sake of Israel's legal rights) Aklzm"i (

Although this distorted arrangement, the Zionists received 080 resolution, present

The pressures of post-Holocaust era, when about a quarter of a million Jews left

DP camps in Europe, they had no where to turn. It was obvious that the provision of

The possibility of reaching the ground depended on Arab consent to the decision,

As declared reproductive Abba Hillel Silver, the American representative of the agency

Jewish, to Ed hoc committee "of the United Nations to the question of Eretz Israel in 7

October 0212. But the Arabs rejected the resolution unanimously, as they rejected

Offers previous distribution, only because the proposal included the establishment of a

Judith in what they called "the Arab Middle East." Arabs

Local, represented by the Arab Higher Committee, also rejected the

The decision, arguing that Arabs are "Palestine have the right".

Resolutions of the UN General Assembly resolutions are not binding; implementation depends

Mutual their acceptance by the parties, which has never happened in the case of a decision

020. Aware of Arab violence against Jews in the past, the decision

Included provisions to promote all military aggression will be enabled to "resist

The proposed settlement by force. "Although these provisions Council resolutions predicted

Security, which is part of Chapter VII of the Charter of fundamental

000 United Nations - Decisions may be taxable in case of "threats

Serious about peace. "However, following Arab attacks on the State

In May 0212 the new Israel, "threats to peace" officially recognized, but not

Taken any concrete action on the part of the United Nations, except for serious condemnation and calls

A cease-fire.

Although Resolution 020 thus recognizing the right of Jews to a state in part from Eretz

Israel, Israel's legitimacy is not based Legally

The UN resolution. 22 national rights of the Jewish people to the Land of Israel

M"hksr stem historic "with their country, as recognized in law

International by The San Remo Resolution and the Mandate for Israel. Provisions

Resolution 020 pro, in fact, the Charter of the United Nations Basic 000) in particular,

Article 20 (in that it severely damaged the legal rights of the Jewish people,

Especially in Judea, Samaria, Gaza and above all - Jerusalem.

Furthermore Therefore, a decision 020 violated the provisions of the Mandate for Israel

Another was in full effect, particularly Article 7 - the Land of Israel saw the

Jewish national home - and Article 1, prohibiting divide the land, what

Resolution 020 asked to do - without any legal authority. It is noted that

Mandated international law was in effect for the Land of Israel during the

. Decision 020

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Canadian citizens for the sake of Israel's legal rights) Aklzm"i (

Anyway, after a unanimous Arab rejection and the opening of Arab aggression

Israeli military campaign against the new State, Resolution 080 became a dead letter

No bearing on the situation prevailing now. The ultimate irony is that Arabs are trying

Now revive the decision 020 as part of a Palestinian state with provisional pursuit ".

At the end of the War of Independence were signed armistice agreements

Rhodes first half of 0212, was the territory of the State

Israel slightly more than 70,000 square kilometers, or about 22 percent of the Land of Israel

Bank, much less in relation to the Jewish National Home as

. Limits set out in the Franco-British 16 0270

Summary

▪ The language and legend

▪ The few thoughts about peace

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

The power of words

To spread the fairy tale invented by the Arabs of Israel and their supporters,

Made a concerted effort to distort reality by using cunning

Language. Proven tradition of "big lie" of Goebbels, faked

The most absurd inventions, which over time it became clear that the Siabo

Thought most effectively.

Some examples of the most popular page lies above. All

Exposure:

• The illegal denial of Jewish presence in Eretz-Israel;

• The creation of "a Palestinian" New, never heard of him, and whose existence

Denied repeatedly by prominent Arab leaders since the early

Fifties of the twentieth century;

• The delete any connection between the Jewish people to Israel his ancestors;

• The removal of defaming the State of Israel through an evil slander and mudslinging;

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

• The deployment of Islamic dubious claims originating recent years;

• The justification of violence and terrorism of the Arab liberation struggle

Colonial imperialism.

This last point is particularly important. Is a new rising main theme

Frequent conversations between the Arabs of Israel: "Arab land was stolen by

The Jews who came as strangers from Europe, in coordination with Western imperialism,

Establish colonies in the region. "So most of the representatives of the Arabs of Israel treat

Always occupation "to justify any act of violence carried out against Israel. This term

Omnipresent've dug deep, and were willingly accepted by means

The major media, and often add to it the adjective

"Illegal" illegal occupation.

I never realized the acquired legal rights of the Jewish people

Eretz Israel, 000 in a variety of reasons. The Arabs were to fill this void

Spreading the false notion of "occupied territories illegally" -

And successfully won destructive.

"The illegal occupation of the Palestinian territories" is the cornerstone of

Propaganda of the Arabs of Israel. "Big Lie" of the interlocutors expressed

Yasser Arafat's statement the French weekly "L'Express" in April

0222, when he justified the terrorist attacks against Israel: "We are opposed

Occupation just as they did during the Nazi French. What you've done

You, too, we do. ") The emphasis of the author (.

Deliberate distortions and lies they supply fuel much hostility and violence

Beyond the borders of the region. Have to stop them head to head with facts

Concerning Israel's legal rights - to restore sanity to the discussion

Political. But to do so, it is necessary to listen to the call of Jean

Z'aors, 007 French Socialist leader in the early twentieth century: "Courage

What? To really work and play; Refuse to submit to the law the past lie

And the winner; And play again and again in our thoughts and actions declarations

The fools and cheering crowds incited. "

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

What we saw, since the Oslo process began in 0229 is nothing but persecution

"Hello" at all costs. Peace Set single destination, and any other consideration postponed

Aside as not fit to achieve this goal. Under these conditions, there will be no peace

Never more than a temporary cessation of hostilities, based on compromise

Territorial make no sense and without any regard for reality

Geographic, historic, strategic and most importantly - legal. 009

"Hello" This is kind of inherently fragile, as the prevailing social peace

Racial discrimination in South America could not keep up.

Missing element is justice, should be seen as a precondition necessary for peace

Real. The centrality of justice is a solid foundation of Western thought.

Deuteronomy) P: (approx ask that we certainly pursue justice. 001 Thomas Aquinas,

One of the greatest Christian theologians, emphasized that "peace is the outcome

Bypass the work of justice, as justice removes the obstacles

Peace. "001 However, all agreements reached during the so-called" process

Oslo Peace "006 No word" justice "appears almost at all, not an article

Nor in spirit.

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Factual truths are fundamental justice. This is evident in every court

In which the judgment rests on evidence which determine the final settlement.

The same approach should be adopted also appear to be territorial disputes

Solution, such as the Arab-Israeli conflict, there should be facts that are

Can be rebutted replace dubious half-truth and lies

They occupied the absolute position via non-Arab propaganda campaign

Knows no rest. In short, instead of chasing "peace" as a target, should diplomacy

Focus on the facts relating to the area) and in particular, legal rights

Acquired the Jewish people (in order to reach a just settlement of the conflict -

From which we can expect the emergence of a real peace and lasting.

Unfortunately, in recent years, as we see what appears to be a global effort

Erase Israel's legal rights. The power of the media and

Some academic experts assure rods attitudes deletion

Forgotten, 002 at the same time growing and built an alternative reality based

The "Palestinian narrative" newcomer, thanks to the winning class today

Incessant return to its components.

There implore the media to project light on Israel's legal rights

And to inform the public about the events that shaped the foundation at the end of the Middle East

First World War.

We urge statesmen and diplomats stress the central issue of

"Ownership of the land" as a starting point in any negotiation between Arabs

The Israelis.

We are confident that all the issues relating to the status

The non-Jewish population west of the Jordan River Zoo can be so

Peaceful settlement for the benefit of all parties regarding.

Then, and only then, can hope for the coming of lasting peace.

After nearly twenty years-all visible failure of the "process

Peace "ongoing. This process is only exacerbated the points

Emotional debate; Is a distortion of reality; He revived

Old hatreds; And brought us to this impasse. This is the time

A new approach to leave and return to the basic facts, never

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

Not loaded convincingly by the governments of Israel,

Deleted negligence by others, had been distorted by many,

And long forgotten. However, to achieve this goal, the recipients

Decisions to show courage and act accordingly.

In the words of Hillel: "If not now, when?" 002

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

References

1

Palestinian propaganda intended to bring about the delegitimization, demonization and ultimately

Which destroy the State of Israel takes many forms and is beyond the scope of the project

It is. The fundamental aim of this propaganda is to portray Israel as a foreigner holding a

B"flstinh illegal Arab. " Related occupation "was sentenced to another performance of" citizens

Canada's legal rights in Israel. "Unfortunately, the Palestinian Authority

Refers to the formal declarations understanding even the most iniquitous attacks against Israel

And against the Jews. Palestinian Media Watch ( www.palwatch.org (reported in detail

For many years these remarks.

Other qualified applicant's translations printed and video material in Arabic, Farsi,

Urdu and Turkish, will review reports submitted trusted by the Middle East Media Research Institute ( www.memri.org .)

1, the British Prime Minister, Clement Attlee, also initiated a covert campaign of sabotage in 2291

Operation known as Operation Embarrass, aimed to disturb - often

Violent means - the movement of every ship that carries to Israel-Israel Jewish refugees, as

Recently unveiled by Keith Jeffery) Keith Jeffery (in his MI6: The History of the Secret Intelligence Service 1901-1949. The honorable British historian Andrew

Roberts wrote in a summary of events אלה: http://www.thedailybeast.com/blogs-and-stories/2010-09-19/mi6-attacked-jewish-refugee-ships-after-wwii/full/#

3 3 When it suits the address that appears in the number Mrfnth) Merneptah Stele (which

Non-Biblical reference to the most ancient Israel as a nation. Pharaoh Merneptah is the son of

Ramses II: http://www.allaboutarchaeology.org/merneptah-stele-faq.htm .

However, most biblical scholars believe that the exodus from Egypt occurred in the 29th century

BC, and is currently devoting a lot of work this event, when the trustworthiness changes

From job to job. A few examples:

• The Exodus Decoded By The Simcha Jacobovici

( http://exodusdecoded.com/index1.jsp 0 and review by), WoodBryant G. PhD, Associates for Biblical Research

• The http://www.biblearchaeology.org/post/2006/09/Debunking-The-Exodus-Decoded.aspx

The Exodus Conspiracy • The Tim Mahoney

(/ http://www.exodusconspiracy.com (and review by, Kovacs JoeWorldNetDaily: http://www.wnd.com/index.php?pageId=124716 ;

• The Ancient Israel in Sinai by Prof. James K. Hofmair) James K. Hoffmeir (, from Trinity International University:

http://www.oxfordscholarship.com/oso/public/content/religion/9780195155464/toc.html

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

9 The Philistines have both M"goii describe the sea "who settled along the southern coast of

The State of Israel today in the thirteenth century BC. Origin from the Mediterranean Basin

East), probably the island Martin (and their name is the source for Palestine - Palestine -

Given to Israel by the Emperor Hadrian in Rome after the victory of Bar Kochba in 238

AD: http://www.bga.nl/en/articles/filist1.html

Palestinian Arabs of today have adopted this name for themselves without addressing the question of the relationship

Historic. In an article published in The Jerusalem Post on 18 November 2228 quoted Sarah

Honig the Golda Meir: "The British decided to call it the country that received the mandate

'Palestine, and the Arabs adopted the so-called ancient name of them, even though they could not

Even pronounce it correctly, and made it L'flstin ', a fictional entity. "See archaeological discovery

New as reported in Haaretz English language:

http://www.haaretz.com/culture/arts-leisure/dig-backs-biblical-account-of-philistine-city-of-gat-1.166315 .

8 past archaeological finds related to King David:

http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/128174

1 last archaeological finds related to King Solomon.

http://www.livescience.com/9828-ancient-wall-possibly-built-king-solomon.html

In conclusion Monarchy of King Solomon, see:

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Solomon.html

2 Illustrated recovery of various aspects of the temple and other places related

Ancient history of the Jewish people, the Temple Institute

( http://www.templeinstitute.org/gallery.htm (offering a variety displayed. More information

Can be found here: http://crystalinks.com/solomonstemple.html

1 details related to the two kingdoms, Israel and Judah, including - Assyrian invasion

And the interim years which survived the kingdom of Judah to the Babylonian exile, are presented in the Jewish Virtual Library:

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Kingdoms1.html

2 For explanations related to Biblical, Talmudic and others who talk about

Nebuchadnezzar and the destruction of Judah, refer to Encyclopedia Judaica and Bible Encyclopedia

As follows:

http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=154&letter=N

http://www.christiananswers.net/dictionary/nebuchadnezzar.html

Other documents of interest: a commentary on the Babylonian Captivity of Rabbi Ken Spiro:

http://www.aish.com/jl/h/48938087.html

Conditions before the exile of Judah, exile itself and return to Zion:

http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Babylonian_Exile

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

10 historical story since the conquest of Babylon by the Persians led by Cyrus II to

The destruction of the Second Temple in 21 CE, including references to the Bible and other sources, on-

By Lambert Dolphin:

http://www.templemount.org/secondtmp/html .

22 jump of the conquests of Alexander the Great and Asia Minor to India:

http://www.historyofmacedonia.org/AncientMacedonia/AlexandertheGreat.html

Alexander's views about Jews and his visit to the Temple in Jerusalem:

http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?letter=A&artid=1120

21 The Slabkoas and Ptolemaic, dynasties arose following the death of Alexander:

http://www.forumancientcoins.com/historia/seleucid_gen.htm

23 relations between Greeks and Jews, see:

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Greeks.html

And check with the Center for Online Judaic Studies: http://cojs.org that has a lot of information.

29 Maccabean revolt sources see:

http://faculty.bbc.edu/rdecker/phd/depriest/2macca.html

Toward a Jewish rabbinical: the dispute between the Sadducees and the Pharisees, see the Center for Online Judaic Studies for: http://cojs.org

And in the Jewish Virtual Library, in particular in an article by Mitchell Bard:

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/sadduccees_pharisees_essenes.html

28 dispute between two boys Hasmonean dynasty brought the Roman occupation of Judea on-

By Pompey in 13 BC. http://www.suite101.com/content/the-decapolis-a-grecoroman-confederation-a84658

The Roman occupation lasted 18 years, until a new Jewish kingdom was established, headed by Herod

Great in 32 BC.

http://www.answers.com/topic/herod-the-great

21 See the full text of the Jewish War Josephus

http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Aabo%3Atlg%2C0526%2C004&redirect=true

As well as a short biography of Josephus:

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/biography/Josephus.html

22 After more than 20 311 years of Jewish history in the country, can easily be seen by naming

New to Israel by the Emperor Hadrian in the act of what-it. However, after 20111 years,

Hit the "curse of Hadrian" Israel unexpected way most Arab claims they

"Palestinian people".

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21 The importance of Jerusalem to the Jewish people is beyond dispute: It includes aspects

Religious, historical, spiritual and political, all of which are discussed in numerous books

Articles:

• The Fight for Jerusalem The) struggle for Jerusalem (by Dore Gold, published

Regnery Publishers Inc.

http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/showpage.asp?DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=103&FID=448&PID=0&IID=1494

• The Israeli Rafi) Raphael Israeli (Dan legal rights and the consequences Jerusalem

The Oslo peace process. http: /// www.jcpa.org/jl/vp469.htm

• The Dr. Jacques Gaotiih) Dr. Jacques Gauthier (Canadian lawyer located in Toronto

And an expert in international law, spent many years researching the legal rights

And the history of the Jewish people to Jerusalem, and wrote an extensive thesis on this subject.

His work is accessible online. His thesis has been reviewed by a penalty Hillel Israel National News.)) Channel 2

http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/125049

• The Watch also an interview with 98 Minutes with Dr. Gaotiih the sovereignty of the Jewish people

Jerusalem in CTSTV and the performance-hour International Christian Embassy

. Jerusalem, September 1121

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=28qwcVPNy3E ) Interview (

And http://jacquesgauthier.blip.tv/file/4453892 ) represents the Christian Embassy (

• The short introduction to the history of Jerusalem since the Muslim conquest and religious significance

Jerusalem's comparative Judaism and Islam offered by Daniel Pipes in The Muslim Claim to Jerusalem:

http://www.meforum.org/490/the-muslim-claim-to-jerusalem

• The summary is written in the history made by the Arabs of Israel to create

Muslim demands fictitious Jerusalem, is fueling requirements, in part, the

Conflict in the region, see The Battle Over Jerusalem and the Temple Mount

By Ricki Hollander:

http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_context=7&x_issue=4&x_article=1404

22 See Haaretz report ") in May 1112 (in connection with Tayseer Al-Tamimi:

http://www.haaretz.com/news/pope-walks-out-after-muslim-cleric-accuses-israel-of-slaughter-1.275822

See also later statement from Tayseer al-Tamimi August 1112, reporting

Channel 2

http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/133131

11 In conclusion the Dreyfus affair, see: Trial of the Century) sentence century (by person

Gofnik:

http://www.newyorker.com/arts/critics/books/2009/09/28/090928crbo_books_gopnik

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

12 complete original text of "J'accuse!" ) J'accuse! (Published in the French daily

Daily L'Aurore: 23 January 2121

http://perso.magic.fr/tremong/pascal/lois/jaccuse.html

English translation of the book may be obtained, along with the French original:

http://chameleon-translations.com/sample-Zola.shtml

11 Note: Emile Zola was not the only shield of Dreyfus. French intellectuals

Many liberals) Anatole France, Henry Foinkarh and others (joined cheap and condemned

The government, the army and the judicial institute on the injustice of their prominent. Jean Z'aors,

Known French socialist, was one of the most influential when he wrote Les preuves: Alfred Dreyfus in 2211. It is interesting how the political courage to defend the truth characterized

At that time the Left in Europe.

13 comprehensive biography of Theodor Herzl, which includes a short video, see the

The report by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs:

http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/MFAArchive/2000_2009/2004/7/Herzl+and+Zionism.htm

19 The opposite view, see "Jews Against Zionism") Jews Against Zionism (Ideas

Central is Zionism and anti-Semitism encouraging traditional Jewish principles as

Expressed by King Solomon, the prophet Jeremiah and sages. The reader free to assess the

Various quotations relevance - or lack their relevance.

http://www.jewsagainstzionism.com/zionism/herzl/index.cfm

See also the eulogy he delivered Israel Zangwill, Herzl's grave on his companion. Remarks

Current ginger, released today especially:

http://www.museumoffamilyhistory.com/zionism-zangwill-herzl.htm

18 You can read the complete English translation of the book by Theodor Herzl, the state

Jewish), The Jewish State (translated into German by Sylvia D'abigdor and was incorporated

By "Midaist Web" with an introduction by me Aisrof.

http://www.mideastweb.org/jewishstate.pdf

11 See the First Zionist Congress in Basel and program:

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Zionism/First_Cong_&_Basel_Program.html

See also: Summary of discussions twelve early Zionist Congresses from 2122 to 2212

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Zionism/firstcong.html

12. See: History of the Ottoman Empire from the fall of Constantinople in 2983

http://www.historyworld.net/wrldhis/PlainTextHistories.asp?groupid=3142&HistoryID=ab37&gtrack=pthc

11 See the role of the TA Lawrence) Lawrence of Arabia (Arab revolt against the Turks and

Political positions later:

http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/95aug/lawrence.html

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

12: See Military report on the fall of Jerusalem which 2 to 2 December 2222

http://www.historyofwar.org/articles/battles_jerusalem1917_fall.html

31 See the full text of the Balfour Declaration, with a comprehensive introduction from me Aisrof:

http://www.mideastweb.org/mebalfour.htm

32 meeting at the Biltmore Hotel in New York on 1-22 May 2291 with the participation of leaders

Zionist Chaim Weizmann, David Ben-Gurion, Nahum Goldmann and others. See the statement issued

On May 22, with an introduction by me Aisrof.

http://www.mideastweb.org/biltmore_program.htm

31 See the full text of the speech "Fourteen Points" of President Wilson:

http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/President_Wilson%27s_Fourteen_Points

33 See full text and map related to the Sykes-Picot Agreement:

http://www.mideastweb.org/mesykespicot.htm

Jan Christiaan Smuts 39 submitted a memorandum in 2222 memo titled "League of Nations: Offer

Practical ") The League of Nations: A Practical Suggestion (discussed mainly by

Mandates, a new idea at the time. President Woodrow Wilson's ideas adopted

Smuts and after several days of heated debates in the peace conference convened

. Paris, Smuts Resolution adopted by the Allies on 31 January 2222

The decision was later used in the formulation of Article 11 of the basic covenant of the League of Nations.

For the full text of the decision Smuts, see: David Hunter Miller, The Drafting of the Covenant. , Pp 212-221

38 Among other problematic issues were discussed before the establishment of the League of Nations, it should be noted fiery debate

The issue of "sovereign equality". See pages 23-11 in the book and the norm of democratic states

Sovereign equality by Kurt Taylor Gaobtz, Stanford University;

http://kktg.net/kurt/publications/pubs/Sovereign%20Equality.pdf

31 Peace Conference in Paris) Paris Peace Conference (participants, agenda,

The covenant by it and the policies of the major powers.

http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Paris_Peace_Conference,_1919

See also Margaret MacMillan, Paris 1919: Six Months that changed the world (Random House). Review issues related to the Middle East during the

The Paris Peace Conference, see: Howard M. Sachar, The Emergence of the Middle East: 1914-1924 (Knopf, 1969).

32 text of the agreement and the Weizmann-Faisal, dated 3 January 2222, including

Faisal's reservations bottom of the agreement.

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/faisaltext.html

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31 letters were exchanged between Sharif Hussein branched Mecca and Sir Henry McMahon, Commissioner

British upper Egypt. No nothing in these letters reveals a British pledge

Unequivocally include the Land of Israel on the ground to be submitted to Arab rule. See exchange

All letters, with an introduction by MidEastWeb:

http://www.mideastweb.org/mcmahon.htm

32 Complete text of the Treaty of Sevres contains 933 paragraphs:

http://wwi.lib.byu.edu/index.php/Peace_Treaty_of_S%C3%A8vres important

Especially the question of the Land of Israel is Article 46 explicitly detailing the instructions

Special mandate for Israel regarding the Jewish national home. This Article

Completely different from his predecessor, Article 49, concerning Mandates of Syria and Mesopotamia.

91 League of Nations, a Canadian perspective.

http://thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0004592

92. The complete text of the basic covenant of the League of Nations. See in particular Article 55

http://unispal.un.org/UNISPAL.NSF/0/6CB59816195E58350525654F007624BF or:

http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/leagcov.asp

91 See footnote 39 regarding the decision Smuts.

93 attorney Howard Grief is the author of Legal Foundation and Borders of Israel under International Law.

http://www.mazopublishers.com/The%20Legal%20Foundation%20and%20Borders%20Of%20Israel%20under%20International%20Law.html

99 Dr. Jacques Gaotiih is the author of SOVEREIGNTY OVER THE OLD CITY OF JERUSALEM: A study of the historical, religious, political and legal aspects of the question of the Old City.

98 See Declaration of the World Zionist peace conference Bfarisb filed February 3

: 2222

http://www.mideastweb.org/zionistborders.htm

After a month) 9 March 2222 (American Jewish group filed a statement

Own, expressing opposition to the founding of a Jewish national home in the Land of Israel:

http://www.al-bushra.org/jerusalem1/statement.htm

It should be noted that the ideas expressed in that declaration are still heard in anti-Jewish

Many Zionists.

91: See the recommendations of the King Commission Crane, 11 August 2222

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/crane.html

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) Aklzm"i (citizens of Canada for the sake of Israel's legal rights

92: See the full text of the decision Lodge-Fish What 31 June 2211

http://www.justicenow4israel.com/lodge-fish.html

91 records meeting of the Land of Israel and of the Supreme Council of the Allies, was held on 18

April 19, 2211, Pleasant Dootz'an ", published in 2281. See www.cilr.org or

Directly:

http://docs.google.com/viewer?a=v&pid=sites&srcid=ZGVmYXVsdGRvbWFpbnxjaWxyb3JnfGd4OjZhYTMxODg0N2I5YjQ5OTQ

92 QUESTIA offers an exhaustive list of books, reviews and articles related to the conference

San Remo and other contemporaries:

http://www.questia.com/library/encyclopedia/san_remo_conference_of.jsp

81 The complete text of The San Remo See http://www.cfr.org/israel/san-remo-resolution/p15248

82 There are some misunderstandings about the legitimacy of the State of Israel. Some stem from the difference

Between "state" umma ". While the "nation of Israel" was recognized anew at the San Remo

In 2211, an act which represents the most important development in Jewish history

Modern declaration of the state of Israel in 2291 was a natural result of the mandate, without

All contact formulation Partition Resolution of the UN General Assembly, Resolution No. 212

From November 2292, a decision which did not require one. A detailed explanation of these matters was submitted on-

: By Howard Grief June 1121

http://ko-kr.facebook.com/note.php?note_id=123553227687217

81 The complete text of the Treaty of Sevres, see Note 32, which emphasizes the Articles 29 and 28 of

This Convention.

83 See comprehensive information about the state of Mesopotamia - today's Iraq - from 2229 to 2231

Including the British Mandate was decided upon at San Remo and he's been in effect since 2211

http://www.archiveeditions.co.uk/titledetails.asp?tid=51

See also the French mandate over Syria and Lebanon: http://countrystudies.us/syria/9.htm

89 The concept of dhimmitude) the status of dhimmi (coined by Bat Ye'or) Bat Ye'or)

Written extensively on this aspect of Islamic law:

http://www.dhimmitude.org

See more focused article by Bat Ye'or on the Arab-Israeli conflict (1979)

http://www.dhimmitude.org/archive/by_aspects_arab_israel_conflict.pdf

88 See in particular the Article 18 of the basic covenant of the League of Nations, contained in Part A of

Treaty of Versailles:

http://avalon.law.yale.edu/imt/parti.asp

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81 See the full text of the Franco-British as advertised

First: http://untreaty.un.org/unts/60001_120000/20/29/00039449.pdf

See also the International Boundary Study published by the Department of State

: US in 2212

http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS075.pdf

82 detailed study of the history of the Israeli-Lebanese border and their implications today, authored by David

Eshel, a security analyst and former officer in the Israel Defense Forces.

http://www.dur.ac.uk/resources/ibru/publications/full/bsb8-4_eshel.pdf

81. See the chapters "Creating Transjordan" and the Churchill White Paper of 2211

82 "since the Allied powers agree, for the purpose of giving effect to the provisions of Article 11

Of the basic covenant of the League of Nations, to entrust herself mandatory on-elected

By the same powers Palestine space management, first-therefore belonged to the empire

Turkish borders as fixed by them "), my emphasis - SB (.

11 declaration of independence unilaterally released by the General Syrian Congress: news

Reached the European and American press in March 2211, but a full report on the Declaration

Posted by The New York Times "May 2211

http://query.nytimes.com/gst/abstract.html?res=9C00E5D6173AEE32A25750C2A9639C946195D6CF

12 letters were exchanged drilled in 1915-1916 between Sherif Hussein of Mecca and Sir Henry McMahon,

British High Commissioner in Egypt, representing the British government. See note link

31

11. See Note 11

13 See also the International Boundary Study published by the Department of State

: US in 2212

http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/LimitsinSeas/IBS075.pdf

19 As early as 2212, the British intended to limit Jewish immigration to Israel-Israel. Reasons

The main cited were an Arab consensus existence of a primarily Jewish area,

And the false assertion that the country could not absorb any way serious influx of immigrants. New York

Times "reported on Churchill's speech in the lower house on June 28 2212), see the

The last of the article (:

http://query.nytimes.com/mem/archive-free/pdf?res=9E02E6DA163EEE3ABC4D52DFB066838A639EDE

18 In summary emergence of Transjordan and changes until 2281, see the report from

Sanderson Beck, which also includes interesting information about the history of Syria and Lebanon dating

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Ottoman Empire until 2211. The section on the Transjordan, see the last part of the

Article: http://www.san.beck.org/16-5-Syria,Lebanon.html#a6

11 The complete text of the mandate, see:

http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/palmanda.asp

Interesting report on the mandate and resources of historical and political perspective full

Available from Douglas Feith in his article "A Mandate for Israel" written in 2223, when

The signing of the Oslo Accords:

www.zionismontheweb.org/middle_east/Israel/Israel_and_palestine_mandate_for_israel.htm

12 It is interesting to read the official narrative of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan, as it is presented

Jordanian national constitution:

http://www.kinghussein.gov.jo/charter-national.html

The introduction of a historical document, we find The Jordanians saw the Zionist movement

The biggest threat on them personally and the whole Arab nation. "Glorifying

Document the first in a series of Arab attacks on Jewish settlements) 11

April 2211 (; the Balfour Declaration, describing it as being contrary to the religious Laws

And internationally recognized civil, "and cast the blame pre- conditions Deteriorating

Quickly the land of Israel. "However, in practice, all the commissions of inquiry) Commissions of Enquiry (built by the British from 2211 to 2231 accusing the Arab

Incitement to violence.

Chapter VII - the Jordanian-Palestinian relationship, read the "racist Zionist Threat

And imperialism endangers the existence, culture and sacred heritage of the nation

Arabic ... "and the rejection of the option of" Jordan is Palestine ", despite the common identity

Jordanians and Palestinians: "Jordan and Palestine is an Arab coin minted by the struggle

The common resist the Zionist plan to expand and reports decisively Us

Alternative homeland. "

. Aafi"c Israel signed a peace treaty with Jordan in 2229

11 The same is true particularly in France, where "communities" on a regular basis are called "colonies" -

"Colonies".

12: See the full text of the Fourth Geneva Convention, particularly Article 92

http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/7c4d08d9b287a42141256739003e636b/6756482d86146898c125641e004aa3c5

21 See The Legal Consequences of the Construction of a Wall in the Occupied Palestinian Territory, advisory opinion of the International Court of Justice, in 2

: July 1119

http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/index.php?pr=71&code=mwp&p1=3&p2=4&p3=6&case=131&k=5a

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About 22 communities and legality, contrary to popular belief, see an expert appraisal by two

- International jurists premium Eugene and. Rostov and Julius Stone:

http://www.tzemachdovid.org/Facts/islegal1.shtml )) YV Rostov, 2222

http://www.aijac.org.au/resources/reports/international_law.pdf ) Tuesday, Stone,

) 2211 http://www.strateias.org/international_law.pdf

- Moshe Dan) Dann (May 1112 Legality of the Settlements

http://www.tzemachdovid.org/Facts/islegal3.shtml

-: Ricki Hollander, October 1112 Settlements and the reports in the media

http://www.camera.org/index.asp?x_article=259&x_context=2

- Joseph Farah, "The issue of settlements", 0220

http://www.sullivan-county.com/id4/farah1.htm

- Jeffrey Hlmriic, "Difolmtiim and legal aspects of interest in the communities," January

: 2003 http://www.jcpa.org/brief/brief2-16.htm

- David Meir-Levi, "the occupation and settlements: Legend and Reality" June 2005:

http://archive.frontpagemag.com/readArticle.aspx?ARTID=8158

- Gerald Adler, "Saving the legal succession: 'Territories settlement rights

OPT ", September 2009 http://www.journalonline.co.uk/Extras/1007008.aspx

- David M. Phillips, "The Legend of illegal settlements", December 2009

http://www.commentarymagazine.com/article/the-illegal-settlements-myth/

- Alan Baker, "The issue of settlements: distortion Geneva and Oslo agreements," January 2011:

http://www.jcpa.org/JCPA/Templates/ShowPage.asp?DRIT=1&DBID=1&LNGID=1&TMID=111&FID=378&PID=0&IID=5603&TTL=The_Settlements_Issue:_Distorting_the_Geneva_Convention_and_the_Oslo_Accords

- David Matas, "communities: dismantling or Stirtm" June 2011:

http://www.jewishtribune.ca/TribuneV2/201011033654/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=4430&Itemid=53

- Israeli Foreign Ministry's position: http://www.aish.com/jw/me/48939282.html

21 See the full text of the Charter of the United Nations:

http://www.xiamenacademy.org/upload/UN%20Charter.pdf

23 Resolution 181 of the UN General Assembly recommended the partition of the Land of Israel

And was adopted on 12 November 2292. Note that mistake today called "West

Bank "is called" Judea and Samaria "in her decision.

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/partition.html

This UN resolution is discussed further later in the guide.

29 See the full text of the Vienna Convention on the Law of art, was published in 2212 and entered

Into force in 2211) particularly, Section B: 2102

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http://www.fco.gov.uk/resources/en/pdf/3706546/3892733/10149409/TrTS58.1980VCLT

28 See the advisory opinion on "the legal consequences for countries continued presence of

South Africa, Namibia ") The Legal Consequences for States of the Continued Presence of South Africa in Namibia (published by the Court

: International Court of Justice on June 12, 2222

http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/?sum=296&code=nam&p1=3&p2=4&case=53&k=a7&p3=5

21 See the full text of the Anglo-American Convention:

http://www.justicenow4israel.com/anglo-american.html

22 See Article 5 of the US Constitution, which deals with my duty, superiority, Weeks ":

http://www.usconstitution.net/const.html#Article6

21 See full text of the MacDonald White Paper, with an introduction by MidEastWeb:

http://www.mideastweb.org/1939.htm

22 See note 22 for different opinions concerning the legality of H"iisobim ".

11 Grand Mufti of Jerusalem, Haj Amin al-Husseini, his life, his beliefs, activities

His incitement and ties with Nazi Germany:

http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_mandate_grand_mufti.php

12 See Final Report in connection with the commission of inquiry of Hiikrft:

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/haycraft.html

11 See the full text of the Churchill White Paper with an introduction by me Aisrof.

http://www.mideastweb.org/1922wp.htm

13. See Note 32

19 add-east of Transjordan apparently occurred at the same time to settle the

The boundaries of the area set to the northern part of the Arabian Peninsula, during the negotiations between the

British Ibn Saud, who was Sultan of Najd) See page 1 of the International Boundary Study authored by the US State Department:

http://www.law.fsu.edu/library/collection/limitsinseas/ibs060.pdf

See also the comments regarding Transjordan this chapter: Mandate for Israel:

'Division' first.

18 Lecture by Sir Martin Gilbert, "Toward a Jewish state") Towards Statehood Jewish (Zionist Federation's ceremony in honor of the anniversary of the Declaration nineties

. Balfour, held at the Foreign Ministry in London on 32 October 1112

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11 See the main conclusions of the investigation committee of either:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Report_of_the_Commission_on_the_Palestine_Disturbances_of_August,_1929,_Cmd._3530

12 See the full text of Hope-Simpson report on matters of immigration, settlement and development;

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/Hope_Simpson.html

11 things Chinese governor said at the committee's report for the Land of Israel, as reported on-

: By Victor Sharpe November 1112 Http://www.think-israel.org/sharpe.judenraus.html

12 Dr. Mandelbaum investigates the long history of the Arabs in Israel

And its surroundings, including the sharp increase in the number of Jerusalem since the early twentieth century

Twentieth:

http://knol.google.com/k/the-arabs-in-the-holy-land-natives-or-aliens

21 See the full text of the Passfield White Paper:

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/passfield.html

22 See Summary of the Arab revolt sources from 2231 to head one off final by forces

: British in 2232

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/riots36.html

A more detailed analysis of the sources of the rebellion, which led to the events and results, including

These exhaustive bibliography, see the report of Zionism-Israel Information Centre:

http://www.zionism-israel.com/dic/Arab_Revolt.htm

21 See the full text of the Peel Commission Report:

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/peel1.html

23 Twentieth Zionist Congress, gave David Ben-Gurion to win a clear expression of non-Nitnt-

Abolition of the Jewish people to Israel-Israel:

"No Jew may waive the right of the Jewish people and the Land of Israel to exist.

Any Jewish body is not authorized to do so. No Jew living today who is authorized to waive

Although the land. This right is preserved by the Jewish people throughout the ages and you can not give up

Under any conditions. Even universe within any person to declare that giving the right to

This, they have neither the power nor the authority to deny future generations to be born.

Jewish people are not charged and is not responsible for any such waiver. Our right to this land,

Intact, stable, an inalienable and eternal. Final Redemption to come, not

We give up this historic right. "

However, because of the urgency of Jewish immigration to Israel-Israel during the Nazi period, agreed

Ben-Gurion and Weizmann Lord Peel's proposal in principle, in the hope that the British will improve

Proposal for distribution. The approach adopted in the end the Zionist Congress met

Barbier's strong opposition to Stephen Wise), a pioneer who support Zionism (Menachem

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Ussishkin) Revisionist movement, temporarily retired from the Zionist Organization (Isaac

Tabenkin) an ardent supporter of settling the land (.

: See summary hearings Zionist Congresses from 2213 to 2291

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Zionism/zionman.html

29 See the full text of the report Woodhead Commission:

http://www.mideastweb.org/1938peeldecision.htm

28: See a short summary of the deliberations and outcome of the Conference set. James in 2232

http://www.answers.com/topic/london-roundtable-conference

21 See the full text of the MacDonald White Paper:

http://www.mideastweb.org/1939.htm

22 Hint Munich Agreement of September 2231, when the governments of Britain and France) headed

Neville Chamberlain and Edouard Daladier (agreed to Hitler's demands in connection Lsodtnlnd, thus

Betrayed the Czechs and became the "Munich" basket of political reconciliation without purpose.

21 decision of the UN General Assembly No. 181 called for the division of the Land of Israel

And was adopted on 12 November 2292. Note that the region known today as wrongly

"West Bank" decision text called "Judea and Samaria", correctly:

http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/History/partition.html

22. See Note 82

211 See the full text of the Charter of the United Nations:

http://www.un.org/en/documents/charter

212 following the Six Day War of June 2212, the government of Israel headed

Prime Minister Levi Eshkol, not to apply Israeli law to the territories

The new West Bank - as had to be done on the basis of the Constitutional Court

State - but rather voluntarily apply the provisions of international law

Relating to belligerent occupation), 2212 Hague Regulations and the Fourth Geneva Convention

.) From 2292

Http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hague04.asp ) Hague Regulations: see

Paragraphs 42-43.)

Http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/7c4d08d9b287a42141256739003e636g/6756482d86146898c125641e004aa3c5 )) Fourth Geneva Convention; See in particular Article 92

This decision was taken by Prime Minister Eshkol two reasons: to avoid imbalance

Demographic and keep open the way for negotiations for peace with the Arabs. However,

The Arabs rejected any negotiations for peace or even recognition of Israel conference

Khartoum in September 2212, and thus dispersed hell hopes to resolve the conflict

Peacefully in the foreseeable future: Http://www.mideastweb.org/khartoum.htm

) Decisions Khartoum, with an introduction by me Aisrof (.

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211: The words of Jean Z'aors speech on 2213 Le courage, c'est de chercher la vérité et de la dire; c'est de ne pas subir la loi du mensonge triomphant qui passe, et de ne pas faire écho, de notre âme, de notre bouche et de nos mains aux applaudissements imbéciles et aux huées fanatiques.

Henry Kissinger 213: "When the pursuit of peace becomes the exclusive goal of foreign policy, is

Becomes a tool in the hands of the most brutal cock. It leads to moral disarmament. "

See also: Solomon will sing, "Peace is not the right target") Peace is the Wrong Objective. July 11, 1112)

http://www.americanthinker.com/2007/07/peace_is_the_wrong_objective_1.html

219 "Justice, justice shall you pursue." The relationship between truth, justice and peace in deeply etched Thought

Israel: "On three things the world stands: on truth, justice and peace"

) A year, Avot Units (.

218 Thomas Aquinas: Thomas Aquinas: Summa Theologica, Second Part, Part II, Question 29, Article3, Reply to Objection 3:.

http://www.newadvent.org/summa/3029.htm

211: See a summary of the stages of the Oslo peace process from 2222 to 1112

http://www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1991to_now_peace_process_outline.php

Subsequent peace plans, see:

The Arab Peace Initiative (March, 2002) - With an introduction by me Aisrof.

http://www.mideastweb.org/saudipeace.htm

The Performance-Based Roadmap to a Permanent Two-State Solution - (April, 2002)

http://www.mfa.gov.il/MFA/Peace+Process/Guide+to+the+Peace+Process/A+Performance-Based+Roadmap+to+a+Permanent+Two-Sta.htm

The Geneva Accord (December 2003) - conceived by Yossi Beilin and Yasser Abed

Teacher, and was praised by former US President Jimmy Carter:

http://www.cartercenter.org/documents/nondatabase/genevaaccorddoc.pdf

Network 212 inventions and historical distortions expanded in November 1121, when

A senior official of the Palestinian Authority claimed Slcotl west of the Temple Mount in Jerusalem

There was no connection to Judaism.

http://www.reuters.com/article/2010/12/01/us-palestinians-israel-wall-idUSTRE6B00LQ20101201

This last Palestinian absurdity evoked sharp condemnation from the Israeli government and the Department of

American state. A few weeks later, the boat PA

The report from its website, despite the author's claim today that the report reflects the truth.

http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=197518

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These continuous blows against Jewish history seem bread and butter of propaganda

PA: see declaration of Sheikh Taysir al-Tamimi, chief kadi

: PA, in that case in August 1112

http://www.israelnationalnews.com/News/News.aspx/133131

211 Ethics of the Fathers) A: Hand ("If I am not for myself, who is for me? And if I am I, what am I? And if not now,

So when? " Http://www.aish.com/sp/pg/48893292.html