Dateline Historical
Events with a focus on issues important to the
Palestinian narrative ~~~~ People in the
Documentary
“Voices Across the Divide” www.voicesacrossthedivide.com
1831 to 1840 Egyptian
Rule of Palestine.
1840 Ottoman
rule returns to Palestine.
1882 - 1903 First
wave of Jewish immigration to Palestine.
1897 First Zionist
Congress held in Basel, Switzerland.
Theodor Herzl named leader.
1900 (approx.) 80 Bedouin tribes
registered as semi-nomadic in eastern, northern & mostly southern
Palestine, in the Negev.
1901 Jewish National Fund
(JNF) founded, aim of purchasing land for Jewish settlement in
Palestine.
1903 - 1914 Second
wave of Jewish Immigration.
1914 - 1918 World War I,
destruction of the Ottoman Empire, in exchange for Arab support Britain
agrees to create an independent Arab state in historic Palestine.
1916 Sykes-Picot agreement
between Britain & France to divide control of the Middle East.
1917 Balfour
Declaration promises Jewish homeland in historic Palestine.
1918 - 1920 British
military rule in Palestine.
1921 Clashes
in Jaffe between Jewish settlers and Palestinians.
1922 British Mandate in
Palestine, Egypt gains independence, British & French diplomats divide
up Arab portion of defeated Ottoman Empire.
1929 Western
Wall Uprising leads to death of 110 Arabs and 133 Jews.
1929 Hala Ajluni Born in Katamon,
West Jerusalem
1930s-1940s Major Jewish immigration to
Palestine/Israel from Germany and Central Europe.
1933 Hitler comes to
power.
1934 Daphne
Beardman Born in Haifa
1935 Yusif Barakat Born in Haifa
1936 Tahir Monsour Born in Al Qubab, Ramle district
1936 Hanneh Ahwal Born in Jaffa
1936 - 1939 Palestinian uprising,
brutal suppression by British, violence erupts from Jewish militants
1937 Peel Commission,
first to promote partition plan of Palestine as a solution
1939 Nimer Haddad Born in Albassa, village in Northern Galilee
1939 British
White Paper restricts Jewish immigration and land purchase.
1940 - 1947 Intelligence service
of the Haganah, the Jewish underground forces, prepares detailed files
on 1,000 villages in Mandate Palestine.
1941 - 1945 Jewish
genocide in Europe, commonly known as the Holocaust.
1941 Jamilah Okab Born in West
Jerusalem
1942 George Khoury Born in Jerusalem
1942 Hason Newash Born in Ein Karem in Jerusalem District
1946 King
David Hotel bombed by Jewish terrorists, Atzel.
1947 Yusif Barakat Immigrated to
Detroit, Michigan
1947 United Nations
Special Committee on Palestine (UNSCOP) decides fate of Palestine,
600,000 Jews and 1.3 million Palestinians. Jews own 7% of the land, most of the
cultivated land owned by Palestinians. Palestinian leadership boycotts UNSCOP.
cultivated land owned by Palestinians. Palestinian leadership boycotts UNSCOP.
UN Resolution 181
proposes partition into Jewish state on 56% of land and a Palestinian state on
44%. Palestinian and Arab rejection of partition, civil war breaks out between Jewish forces,
Palestinians and British troops.
1948 Plan Dalet: conceived
by the Haganah under David Ben Gurion, blue print for military
campaign, it states
Palestinian villages that resist would be expelled; this includes villages
annexed from West Bank in 1949. Three
months before Arab armies invade, Jewish
military forces begin ethnic cleansing of Palestinians from homes and land.
military forces begin ethnic cleansing of Palestinians from homes and land.
Israel proclaims independence; Declaration of Independence proclaims
equal rights for all citizens regardless of religion or race.
Arab armies enter
Palestine.
Deir Yassin Massacre, over 100 Palestinians killed by Jewish forces,
inspires many Palestinian villages to flee as Jewish forces advance.
Massacre in Palestinian village of al-Tantura and expulsion of
residents. David Ben Gurion elected first prime minister.
JNF supervises demolition and
seizure of Palestinian villages for the Jewish Agency, to be used for
recreational parks and Jewish settlement.
25,000 Palestinians allowed to return, although rarely to their own
homes. Many
Churches and mosques desecrated by Jewish forces.
Emergency Regulations
adopted by the Knesset, (Israeli Parliament), and approved
continuously since 1948. Imposed
originally by the British Mandate in 1945, the state can
declare any part of the country a closed military area, make administrative arrests without
trial, expel or execute citizens, expel Palestinians attempting to return after the war.
declare any part of the country a closed military area, make administrative arrests without
trial, expel or execute citizens, expel Palestinians attempting to return after the war.
Custodian of Absentee Property:
careful documentation of extensive Israeli state appropriation of
many Palestinian possessions and property.
UN General Assembly Resolution 194 calls for the right of return for
refugees, free access to Jerusalem and access to holy places.
1948 Taher Mansour Expelled from Al Kobab to Jordan
1948 George Khoury Expelled from Jaffa to Birzeit
1948 Hala Ajluni Fled from Jerusalem
to Birzeit
1948 Daphe Beardman Fled from Haifa to Beirut
1948 Hanneh Ahwal Fled from Jaffa to Ramallah
1948 Hasan Newash Fled from Ein Kerem to Jordon
1948 Nimer Haddad Fled from Al Bassa to Alma Alshaab, South
Lebanon
1948 - 1950 Parts of villages
near Syria and in the Triangle, an area northeast of Tel Aviv/Jaffa, near the
West Bank, more than 30 cases are ethnically cleansed of
Palestinians. In the south,
residents of the village of Majdal expelled to Gaza.
1949 Wadad Abed Born in Nablus
1949 Armistice signed
between Israel and Arab states.
Armistice line or functional border of
Israel established
along the “Green Line.”
Israeli forces uproot 750,000 Palestinian refugees, (Al Nakba) Israel victorious
over Arab forces. Bedouin population in
the Negev drops from 80,000 to 13,000.
In Israeli cities 160,000 Palestinians remain, many confined to “ghettos”
as described by Israeli officials, in Haifa, Jaffa, Ramle and Lydda. 100 intact
Palestinian villages remain. Palestinian
homes settled by Jewish immigrants. Israel claims 78% of historic Palestine, 40,000
internally displaced refugees remain in Israel.
homes settled by Jewish immigrants. Israel claims 78% of historic Palestine, 40,000
internally displaced refugees remain in Israel.
Administrative
Ordinance 25 allows the Israeli government to impose military rule
anywhere in the
country. Palestinians within Israel put
under military rule which includes banning protests and demonstrations,
arrests, administrative detention without trial, and torture; military
governors have executive, legislative and judicial power over Palestinians. In
rural areas: military rule, in urban areas: civilian monitoring and control
under the
Ministries of Defense and Shin Bet or Shabak (Israeli secret services).
Ministries of Defense and Shin Bet or Shabak (Israeli secret services).
Ordinance is used to restrict Palestinian movement, later regulations
ban freedom of press and expression, political organizations and limits job
opportunities.
Palestinians within
Israel designated “Palestinian minority in Israel.” ID cards states
nationality as Christian or Moslem, many are designated as displaced,
internal refugees or “present absentees.” Jews from Arab countries are “de-Arabized,”
names are Hebraicized, encouraged to embrace Ashkenazi (Eastern European
Jewish) history and culture.
1949 - present Palestinians
with Israeli citizenship active in the Knesset,
multiple appeals to the Supreme
Court as well as demonstrations and strikes demanding civil rights. Army response frequently brutal with arrests and
killings.
1950 The
West Bank annexed to Jordan, Gaza Strip under Egyptian control
Israeli Absentee
Property Law allows the state to take over property and lands of all
Palestinians not residing in Israel and all internal refugees, later amended to allow
Custodian of Absentee Property to sell lands and property to the Israeli state or Jewish
citizens.
Palestinians not residing in Israel and all internal refugees, later amended to allow
Custodian of Absentee Property to sell lands and property to the Israeli state or Jewish
citizens.
1950 - 1960 Upper Nazareth,
Carmiel and Migdal Ha-Emek established to actively Judaize the Arab
Galilee, land
confiscation used emergency regulations by army.
Discriminatory laws
passed in the Knesset: (1) Jewish immigrants to Israel given
precedence over indigenous Palestinians in almost every sphere. (2) Law of Return gives
Jews automatic citizenship in Israel. (3) Law of the JNF defines most of land for sale in
Israel, the exclusive and perpetual property of the Jewish people, almost all Palestinian
land taken by the government and turned into state land now sold or leased only to Jews.
Jews automatic citizenship in Israel. (3) Law of the JNF defines most of land for sale in
Israel, the exclusive and perpetual property of the Jewish people, almost all Palestinian
land taken by the government and turned into state land now sold or leased only to Jews.
1950s-1960s Various nationalistic
Palestinian parties, al Ard movement, become the Popular Front, the
first representative body of Palestinians in Israel. Its first goal is to preserve control over Moslem waqft (Islamic
religious endowments - usually buildings).
1953 Israeli law: only those inhabitants present at the census
in November 1948 would be
automatically
recognized as full citizens. Although
Law of Return gives full citizenship to all Jews, the 100,000 Palestinians
present but not registered are required to apply for
citizenship . This requires taking an Oath of Allegiance to the Jewish State, and a
“reasonable” knowledge of Hebrew (a requirement not applied to Jews). Many
Palestinians appeal through the courts.
citizenship . This requires taking an Oath of Allegiance to the Jewish State, and a
“reasonable” knowledge of Hebrew (a requirement not applied to Jews). Many
Palestinians appeal through the courts.
1956 Kafr Qassem Massacre:
prior to the 1956 War, Israeli Defense Forces focus on Arab
villages in the Triangle. Curfew
declared in Kafr Qassem, and 48 villagers massacred for
returning from the fields after curfew. This was part of Operation Hafar ferret, a plan to
expel Palestinians from the Triangle, those responsible received minimal punishment.
returning from the fields after curfew. This was part of Operation Hafar ferret, a plan to
expel Palestinians from the Triangle, those responsible received minimal punishment.
Egypt nationalizes Suez Canal, Suez or Israeli-Franco-British War
against Egypt. Israeli occupation of the Sinai.
1957 Israel retreats from
the Sinai Peninsula and British forces leave Suez area.
Late 1950s Fatah established by
Palestinian student refugees in the Arab world as the first national
liberation movement
after 1948.
1957 - 1966 After Kafr Qassem
Massacre there are increasing calls for end to military rule over
Palestinians, primarily from Palestinians and Jewish members of the
Communist Party.
Israel introduces policy of co-optation with inducements for Palestinian
elite, not supported
by Palestinian community.
1957 Eisenhower Doctrine
ignites cold war between Egyptian president Gamel Abdel Nasser
and the West.
1957 Terry Ahwal Born in Ramallah
1960 Israeli Land
Administration founded to manage Israeli land, comprised of a number of
government
ministries and the JNF.
1964 Palestine
Liberation Organization (PLO) founded.
1965 Fatah
operated first military action
Law for Population Registry establishes Israeli citizenship for Jews and
non-Jews but nationality only for Jews.
Law of Planning and Building redefines area of unrecognized villages as “inadequate
for residence”
and erases them from official registers.
1966 Military
rule over Palestinians with Israeli citizenship ends.
Palestinians allowed to travel to Jewish areas and attend Jewish
educational institutions but
school systems remain segregated and unequally funded up to university
level.
1967 Diana Buttu Father & mother
leave Nazareth for Canada
1967 Egypt blocks the
Straits of Tiran for Israeli vessels and deploys its armed forces in Sinai,
other Arab forces
appear threatening, Israel launches attacks on Egypt, Syria, Iraq and
Jordan. Israeli-Arab or Six Day War. Israel occupies the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Syrian Golan Heights, Egypt Sinai Peninsula, creating 200,000 to 400,000 new Palestinian
refugees (Al Naksa).
Jordan. Israeli-Arab or Six Day War. Israel occupies the West Bank, Gaza Strip, Syrian Golan Heights, Egypt Sinai Peninsula, creating 200,000 to 400,000 new Palestinian
refugees (Al Naksa).
Arab Summit
Conference, Khartoum’s resolutions.
UN Security Council Resolution 242 passes in the wake of the Six Day
War, affirms inadmissibility of taking land by force, calls for Israel to
withdraw from territories
occupied in the war, the right of all to live in secure and recognizable borders and a just resolution to the refugee problem.
occupied in the war, the right of all to live in secure and recognizable borders and a just resolution to the refugee problem.
1967 - 1977 Israeli Land Law
confirms 90% of land reserved for Jews only.
Law of Elections prohibits
eligibility of any party or list that does not recognize the Jewish
character of Israel. Law of
Right of Employment connects employability with respect to basic Zionist
values.
1968 Fatah,
under Yasser Arafat, takes over the PLO.
1968 Wadad Abed Family moves to
Huntington Valley, PA
1968 Salma Abu
Ayyash Born in Amman,
Jordon
1968 Yamila Shannon Born in Columbia, South America
1968 Ministry of Defense
grants army permission to declare any part of Mandatory Palestine as
closed military
zone, allowed to expel population
Beginning of active program by the Housing Ministry to Judaize the
Galilee includes expropriation of Arab lands for Jewish settlements and army training.
1969 Golda
Meir Prime Minister of Israel.
Law of Supervision
over Schools severely limit autonomy of Palestinian teachers.
Late 1960’s - Germans
make reparations to Israel for the Holocaust.
early 1970’s
Israeli Palestinians
allowed to travel to the West Bank and Gaza.
1970 Civil war between the
Jordanian Army and PLO, Black September, PLO crushed and
expelled to Lebanon.
1970 Diana Buttu Born in Canada
1972 Terry Ahwal Sent to live with
uncle in Levonia, Michigan
1970 - 1979 Several laws define
privileges in relation to Israeli Army service thus solely benefit Jews,
includes welfare benefits, scholarships, grants, loans.
PLO guerrilla and terrorist activities against Israeli Army and
civilians, airplane hijackings,
bombings. Increased Palestinian arrests and expulsions, home demolitions
by Israel.
1971 President
Anwar El Sadat of Egypt proposes first peace plan.
1972 Faris Alami Born in Kuwait
1970 - 1973 Mass
immigration from the Soviet Union to Israel.
1973 New law: East Jerusalem
land belonging to Palestinian refugees from 1948 and 1967 taken
over by the State of
Israel.
Yom Kippur War - Egyptian and Syrian forces attack Israeli forces in the
Sinai and Golan Heights. Arab oil countries
impose an embargo on the West.
Society for the
Defense of Arab Minority Rights founded in Israel.
UN Security Council Resolution 338 confirms Resolution 242 and calls for
peace talks between the parties.
Geneva peace
conference.
1974 PLO recognized as
legitimate representative of the Palestinian people by the UN.
Settlement movement of Jews, (Gush Emunim), starts claiming the Occupied
Palestinian Territories, (OPT).
Israel gives up small part of the occupied territories to Syria and
Egypt and maintains control of the Golan Heights.
Yitzhak Rabin
elected Prime Minister of Israel.
1975 Civil
war erupts in Lebanon.
Israeli-Egyptian
Interim Agreement.
1976 Land Day, massive
Israeli land confiscation in the Galilee.
General strike provokes violent
confrontation with
army, 6 Palestinians killed, commemorated annually thereafter.
Menachem Begin
elected Prime Minister of Israel.
1977 Yamila Shannon Her mother returns with 10 children to
Palestine, Y.S.
sent to orphanage,
Dar a-Tifl-Arabi for school
1977 Declaration
of President Anwar Sadat’s peace initiative.
Anwar Sadat’s visit
to Israel and Knesset speech.
1978 Camp
David Accords between Israel and Egypt signed.
Peace Now founded in
Israel.
PLO attack in Tel Aviv.
PLO attack in Tel Aviv.
Litani operation:
Israel occupies part of southern Lebanon.
Meir Kahane founds the rightwing Kach movement (Kahane is founder of
Jewish Defense League in US).
Palestinian Knesset
members invited to join coalition government for the first time.
1979 Peace treaty signed
between Israel and Egypt, Sinai Peninsula is returned to Egypt.
1980 Basic
Law: Jerusalem is capital of Israel.
1980 - 1989 Birth of political
Islam in Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories (OPT), includes
Hamas, Islamic
Jihad.
Israel Land Administration introduces master plan for 5 year Judaization
of the Galilee and the Negev.
1981 New leadership
emerging in the West Bank is crushed by Israeli Defense Forces (IDF).
Galilee Society, the
Arab Society for Health Research & Services founded in Israel. Anwar Sadat
assassinated, Hosni Mubarak confirmed as Egypt’s president.
US/Israeli Memorandum of understanding re: strategic cooperation.
US/Israeli Memorandum of understanding re: strategic cooperation.
1982 Remainder
of the Sinai Peninsula returned to Egypt.
Israel invades
Lebanon, operation “Peace for the Galilee”.
PLO leads Lebanese-
Palestinian
resistance. PLO expelled to Tunis. Massacre of Palestinians in Sabra and
Shatilla refugee camps in southern Lebanon by Lebanese Christian militia
under protection of the Israeli military.
Militant Lebanese
organization, Hezbollah established.
1983 Yitzhak
Shamir elected Prime Minister of Israel.
1985 Israel
withdraws from most of Lebanon.
Agreement between PLO and Jordan allows Jordan to represent Palestinians
in
negotiations.
1986 Salma Abu
Ayyash Enrolls in Syracuse
University
1987 - 1991 First
Intifada.
1988 Jordan secedes its
claims to the West Bank to the PLO as the sole representative of the
Palestinian people.
Hamas founded.
Palestinian National Council in Tunis publishes Palestinian Declaration
of Independence with recognition of two state approach, ie, UN Resolution 242.
National committee formed in Israel of local communities from each
village deported in
1948.
1948.
Arab Association for
Human Rights founded in Israel.
1989 - 1990 Mass
migration of Jews and non-Jews from the former Soviet Union.
1989 Israeli group B’Tselem
(“In the Image Of”), The Israeli Information Center for Human
Rights in the Occupied Territories founded.
1990 Saddam
Hussein invades Kuwait.
1990 Faris Alami Enrolls in the
University of Arizona
Mid 1990s Emergence of
Arabic language satellite TV stations.
1991 Gulf War “Desert
Storm:” US bombards Iraq, Iraqi SCUD missiles land in Haifa and Tel
Aviv.
Madrid Conference
between Israelis, Arab states. and Palestinians.
1992 Arab Follow Up
Committee registers as official NGO in Israel, leader in civil society
activism for Israeli
Palestinians.
1993 Oslo
Declaration of Principles, “Oslo Accords,” signed in Washington.
First Intifada ends, mutual recognition between Israel and the PLO. Women Against
Violence founded in Nazareth.
1993 - 1996 Israeli
authorities demolish more than 2,000 Palestinian homes in Israel and 130 Jewish
homes for building
illegally. Authorities refuse to grant
new permits or allow new villages
or towns for Palestinians. Many demonstrations met with violent response from
authorities.
or towns for Palestinians. Many demonstrations met with violent response from
authorities.
1994 Peace treaty between
Israel and Jordan. Palestinian National
Authority (PA) established to
run the West Bank and
Gaza.
1995 Interim
agreement between Israel and the PLO.
Baruch Goldstein, West Bank Jewish settler in Hebron, massacres Moslems
praying at a
mosque.
mosque.
Yitzhak Rabin
assassinated by a Jewish extremist. Palestinian suicide bombings in Israel.
Bereaved Parents Circle founded.
Bereaved Parents Circle founded.
Israeli Association for Civil Rights documents that discrimination
against Palestinians is Israel’s greatest civil rights problem.
1996 Benjamin
Netanyahu elected president of Israel.
Adalah, (Justice) Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights founded in
Israel, becomes leading NGO taking cases to the Israeli Supreme Court.
Yasser Arafat elected president of the Palestinian Authority (PA).
Peacemaker’s summit in Sharm al-Sheikh.
Balad, new political party in Israel, advocates for democracy for all
citizens, two states, right of return to Israel for Palestinian refugees. Headed by Azmi Bishara, first openly non-Zionist party
accepted into the Knesset.
Operation Grapes of
Wrath, massive Israeli attack on Hezbollah in Lebanon, retaliation for ongoing
war of attrition in southern Lebanon, Israelis bomb refugee camp in al-Kana
killing more than 100 civilians.
killing more than 100 civilians.
Suicide bombing
campaign in Israeli shopping malls and on public transportation.
Netanyahu orders opening of tunnel under the Haram al-Sharif, Temple
Mount, in Jerusalem
prompting riots.
1997 Yamila Shannon Enrolls in graduate school at Harvard
University
1997 Agreement
concerning temporary international presence in Hebron.
Israeli Committee
Against Home Demolitions (ICAHD) founded.
1998 Wye
River Memorandum agreement between Israelis and Palestinians.
Airport opened in
Gaza.
Committee for the
Defense of Displaced Persons in Israel (later joins with Zochrot) to visit and commemorate
former Palestinian villages, provokes many legal struggles and
demonstrations.
demonstrations.
First Nakba Day commemoration, beginning of more assertive Palestinian
cultural and religious expression in Israel.
1999 Ehud
Barak elected Prime Minister of Israel.
Azmi Bishara presents
his candidacy for Prime Minister of Israel promoting a state for all its
citizens, a bi-national state in all of Palestine. Beginning of political attempts by
Palestinians in Israel to assert their national position.
Palestinians in Israel to assert their national position.
Bedouins in the Negev pushed by “Green
Police” attacks to move into new areas or reservations allocated by the Israeli
government.
Sharm al Sheikh
Memorandum.
Protocol for “safe
passage” between West Bank and Gaza.
2000 Israel
withdraws from southern Lebanon.
Israeli - Palestinian
summit at Camp David.
Second Intifada
begins after Ariel Sharon visits the Temple Mount.
In Israel unarmed solidarity demonstrations for the intifada met with
armed response, called the “Events of October.”
Coalition of Women
for Peace is founded.
Radio 2000 founded in Nazareth, first totally independent Arabic radio
station run by Palestinians.
10% of Palestinians with Israeli citizenship live in unrecognized
villages with no government services.
Orr Commission,
created to investigate causes of the Second Intifada, reports “natural
rights and needs of Palestinian population” unmet. Focuses on land confiscation policies, lack of master plan
for any Palestinian construction.
By the end of 2000, more than 50 NGO’s in Israel address civil society
issues, discrimination,
empowerment and cultural autonomy.
2001 Machsom (Checkpoint)
Watch founded, an organization of women dedicated to standing at
checkpoints to
monitor interactions between soldiers and Palestinians.
Israeli-PA negotiation at Taba leads to agreements but no final treaty.
Ariel
Sharon elected Prime Minister of Israel.
Mitchell Plan calls for freeze on Jewish settlement construction in the
OPT. Gaza
Airport bulldozed.
President Clinton
introduces parameters for Israeli/Palestinian agreement.
Third wave of
Judaizing the Galilee under Prime Minister Ariel Sharon. Series of
discriminatory laws
including: (1) Nation and Admittance to the Country Law: bans
reunion of couples or
families on different sides of the Green Line (2) Right of Secret
Service to undermine employment of teachers and principals. (3)
Objection to the inherent Jewishness of the state of Israel considered treason.
2002 Major Israeli
military incursions into the OPT and reoccupation of Palestinian cities.
UN Security Council Resolution
1397 calls for end of violence, two state solution. Saudi Peace
Initiative adopted unanimously by the Arab League.
Israeli begins construction of the Separation Wall.
Palestinian suicide bombings in Israel.
Israeli begins construction of the Separation Wall.
Palestinian suicide bombings in Israel.
Zochrot (Remembering), Israeli NGO founded - dedicated to teaching
Israelis about al
Nakba.
Nakba.
2003 US
and Great Britain initiate war against Iraq.
Road Map adopted by the Quartet, representing the US, EU, Russian
Federation and UN. Aqaba Summit (George Bush, Ariel Sharon, Mahmoud Abbas).
Ariel Sharon uses
the word “occupation” in public speech.
Geneva Accords
proposed by Yossi Beilin and Yasser Abd-Rabbo.
Beginning of expulsion of spouses who are from the OPT and living with
partners in Israel back to the OPT.
Rachel Corrie, peace
activist, killed by a bulldozer in the Gaza Strip.
Geneva Initiative
signed.
Ariel Sharon presents
Unilateral Disengagement Plan at Herzliya Conference.
2004 Yasser
Arafat, President of the PA, dies in mysterious circumstances.
International Court
of Justice declares the Separation Wall illegal.
Palestinian Campaign for the Academic and Cultural Boycott of Israel
launched in Ramallah.
2005 Israel unilaterally
removes settlements from Gaza but maintains control over borders and
much of the economy.
Mahmoud Abbas (Abu
Mazen) elected President of the PA.
Avigdor Lieberman rises to prominence, senior minister of Israel Beitanu
(Israel is Our Home), an alliance of Jewish settlers, ultra-orthodox Jews and
secular Russians.
Call by Palestinian
civil society for boycotts, divestment and sanctions against Israel
(BDS), as a means to end the occupation of the West Bank, Gaza Strip and
East Jerusalem and gain civil, political and human rights.
2006 Prime
Minister Ariel Sharon suffers major stroke and falls into coma.
Ehud Olmert elected
Prime Minister of Israel.
Hamas wins majority
of seats in the Legislative Council in the OPT.
Israel, provoked by Hamas and Hezbollah activity, invades Gaza, Lebanon,
as well as a tiny area in the West Bank, in Operation Defensive Shield. Severe economic blockade of Gaza begins. Non-violent protests in Israel.
UN Security Council Resolution 1701 implements a ceasefire between
Israel and Hezbollah.
2006 - 2009 Fourth wave of
Judaization of the Galilee under Ehud Olmert, subsequently supported by
Benjamin Netanyahu,
the JNF, the Society for the Protection of Nature in Israel and others.
2007 Civil war in Gaza
between Hamas and Fatah leaves Hamas in control, US provides military
supports to Fatah.
Annapolis peace
treaty, President George Bush, Prime Minister Ehud Olmert and President
Mahmoud Abbas commit to negotiate towards a two state solution along the lines of the
Road Map.
Mahmoud Abbas commit to negotiate towards a two state solution along the lines of the
Road Map.
A number of Palestinian Knesset members targeted by Israeli authorities
for collaborating with the enemy.
A wave of legislation
passed in Israel: (1) Law of Loyalty: citizens required to express full
recognition of Israel as a Jewish and Zionist state. (2) Banning of Nakba commemoration
in public events, schools and textbooks. (3) Right of Jewish suburbs not to accept
Palestinian residents. (4) Right of the state to discriminate by law against Arabs in the
recognition of Israel as a Jewish and Zionist state. (2) Banning of Nakba commemoration
in public events, schools and textbooks. (3) Right of Jewish suburbs not to accept
Palestinian residents. (4) Right of the state to discriminate by law against Arabs in the
privatization of land
- Jewish National Fund (JNF) Law.
Ehud Olmert states Israel risks apartheid-like struggle if two-state
solution fails, comparing Israel to South Africa
2008 Six month truce
broken by Israel and militant Palestinian factions shelling Sderot and
Ashkelon. Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) launch massive 3
week attack on Gaza known as
Operation Cast Lead, creating a devastating humanitarian catastrophe
documented by a host of human rights organizations.
2009 Kairos Palestine
document released supporting the boycott, divestment, and sanctions
movement (BDS).
Goldstone Report on
Operation Cast Lead released.
2010 Palestinians with
Israeli citizenship own 2.5% of the land and comprise 22% of the
population.
Gaza Flotilla attempts to break the blockade of the Gaza Strip, 9
activists killed by Israeli authorities.
50 Palestinian NGO’s
in Israel convene an emergency meeting re: systematic and
continuous violation of basic human and civil rights of Palestinians in
Israel, including rights to organize and protest.
Avigdor Lieberman,
Minister of Foreign Affairs, gives speech at UN promoting transfer of
Palestinians in Israel to separate townships in the West Bank in return for
annexation of Jewish settlements in the West Bank, at other venues he speaks
openly of transferring
Palestinians, revoking citizenship and Judaizing Arab towns.
Palestinians, revoking citizenship and Judaizing Arab towns.
“Arab Spring” uprisings across the Arab world inspire many Palestinians
within historic Palestine.
2011 Separation Wall
dismantled and rerouted in Palestinian village of Bil’in due to pressure of
non-violent
resistance.
Internally displaced refugees in Israel number 250,000 to 300,000. The
Palestine Papers released by Al-Jazeera.
2012 Palestinian factions
in Gaza react to assassination of top Hamas military leaders with
rocket attacks which leads to extensive Israeli air assault on Gaza,
Operation Pillar of
Defense.
Defense.
UN General Assembly
votes in favor of recognizing Palestinian statehood after
Palestinians ask to be recognized as a non-member state of Palestine in
the West Bank, Gaza and East Jerusalem.
Prime Minister Netanyahu retaliates by increasing Jewish settlement
construction in East Jerusalem and the West Bank.
Current population estimates: (1) total population of Israel 7,869,900,
( 2) total Jewish population of Israel 5,923,500,( 3) total non-Jewish
population 1,945,500.
Approximately 500,000
Jewish settlers live in the West Bank and East Jerusalem. Approximately
5,500,000 Palestinians live in Israel and the OPT.
Approximately 7,000,000 Palestinians live in the Diaspora.
Approximately 7,000,000 Palestinians live in the Diaspora.
There are 58 Palestinian refugee camps in Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, West
Bank, and Gaza. One third of all Palestinian refugees live in camps.
2013 “Voices Across
the Divide” www.voicesacrossthedivide.com
No comments:
Post a Comment